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In justifying our matrix multiplication algorithm (Section 2.5), we claimed the following block wise property: if X and Y are nnn matrices, and

X=[ABCD],Y=[EFGH],

where A,B,C,D,E,F,G, and H are n/2n/2 sub-matrices, then the product XY can be expressed in terms of these blocks:

XY=[ABCD][EFGH]=[AE+BGAF+BHCE+DGCF+DH]

Prove this property.

Short Answer

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Justification of matrix multiplication

Step by step solution

01

Prove:

Environment multiplication

Allowing the following matrices:

X=ABCD and Y=EFGH

X and Y vectors are split into 4 size blocks. n2n2. This combination between X or Y matrix (z) has the following i , j the elements because X and Y were nnmatrices:

Zij=k=1XikYkj where 1i,jn

With each region of both the process of making the product, the specified property may be demonstrated (Z) .

For the sector in which i,jn2:

Zij=X,Yij=K=1nXikYkj=k=1nXikYkj+K=1nXikYkj=K=1n/2AikEkj+K=1n/2BikGkj=AE+BGij

For the sector in which in2and n2jn:

Zij=(XY)ij =K=1nXikYkj=K=1nXikYkj+nk=-+12nXikYkj=K=1n/2AikFkj+K=1n/2BikHkj=AF+BHij

For the sector in which n2inand jn2:

Zij=X,Yij=K=1nXikYkj=k=1nXikYkj+K=1nXikYkj=K=1n/2CikEkj+K=1n/2DikGkj=CE+DGij

For the sector in which n2i,jn :

Zij=X,Yij=K=1nXikYkj=k=1nXikYkj+K=1nXikYkj=K=1n/2CikFkj+K=1n/2DikHkj=CF+DHij

The product of X and Y can be expressed as follows:

Z=Zijwherei,jn2Zijwherein2andn2<jnZijwheren2<inandjn2Zijwheren2<i,jn

Z=AE+BGAF+BHCE+DGCF+DH

Therefore, the given property is proved.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Suppose you are choosing between the following three algorithms: 鈥 Algorithm A solves problems by dividing them into five sub-problems of half the size, recursively solving each sub-problem, and then combining the solutions in linear time. 鈥

Algorithm B solves problems of size n by recursively solving two sub-problems of size n-1and then combining the solutions in constant time. 鈥 Algorithm C solves problems of size n by dividing them into nine sub-problems of size n/3, recursively solving each sub-problem, and then combining the solutions in O(n2)time.

What are the running times of each of these algorithms (in big- O notation), and which would you choose?

Show that for any positive integers n and any base b , there must some power of b lying in the range [b,bn].

Thesquare of a matrix A is its product with itself, AA.

(a) Show that five multiplications are sufficient to compute the square of a 2 x 2 matrix.

(b) What is wrong with the following algorithm for computing the square of an n x n matrix?

鈥淯se a divide-and-conquer approach as in Strassen鈥檚 algorithm, except that instead of getting 7 subproblems of size n2, we now get 5 subproblems of size n2 thanks to part (a). Using the same analysis as in Strassen鈥檚 algorithm, we can conclude that the algorithm runs in time O (nc) .鈥

(c) In fact, squaring matrices is no easier than matrix multiplication. In this part, you will show that if n x n matrices can be squared in time S(n) = O(nc), then any two n x n matrices can be multiplied in time O(nc) .

  1. Given two n x n matrices A and B, show that the matrix AB + BA can be computed in time 3S(n) + O(n2 ) .
  2. Given two n x n matrices X and Y, define the 2n x 2n matrices A and B,L as follows:
    A=X000andB=0Y00
    What is AB + BA, in terms of X and Y?
  3. Using (i) and (ii), argue that the product XY can be computed in time 3S(2n) + O(n2 ). Conclude that matrix multiplication takes time O(nc ).

A binary tree is full if all of its vertices have either zero or two children. Let Bndenote the number of full binary trees with n vertices. (a)By drawing out all full binary trees with 3, 5, or 7 vertices, determine the exact values of B3, B5, and B7. Why have we left out even numbers of vertices, like B4?

(b) For general n, derive a recurrence relation for Bn.

(c) Show by induction that Bnis (2n).

You are given two sorted lists of size mandn. Give an O(logm+logn)time algorithm for computing the k th smallest element in the union of the two lists.

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