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Chapter 20: Q5P (page 525)
What is the role of a filter in a grating monochromator?
The role of a filter in a grating monochromator is to eliminate different wavelengths at the same angle as the desired wavelengths.
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Explain how the following detectors of visible radiation work: (a) photomultiplier tube, (b) photodiode array, (c) charge coupled device, and (d) image intensified charge coupled device.
Results of an electrochemical experiment are shown in the figure. In each case, a voltage is applied between two electrodes at timeand the absorbance of a solution decreases until the voltage is stepped back to its initial value at time. The upper traces show the average results for 100,300, and 1000 repetitions of the experiment. The measured signal-to-rms noise ratio in the upper trace is 60.0. Predict the signal-to-noise ratios expected for 300 cycles, 100 cycles, and 1 cycle and compare your answers with the observed values in the figure.
Would you use a tungsten or a deuterium lamp as a source of 300-nm radiation? What kind of lamp provides radiation at 4-mm wavelength?
Describe the role of each component of the spectrophotometer.
(a) The true absorbance of a sample is 1.500, but stray light reaches the detector. Find the apparent transmittance and apparent absorbance of the sample. (b) How much stray light can be tolerated if the absorbance error is not to exceedat a true absorbance of? (c) A research-quality spectrophotometer has a stray light level of ,at. What will be the maximum absorbance error for a sample with a true absorbance of 2? Of 3?
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