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Chapter 5: Q4P (page 114)

Distinguish raw data, treated data, and results.

Short Answer

Expert verified
  • Raw data are the unprocessed measurements collected from the specimens being studied.
  • Treated data are the concentrations found from the raw data with the use of calibration procedures.
  • Results are the reported data after the application of various statistical analyses to the treated data.

Step by step solution

01

Raw data, Treated data and results

Raw data:

Raw data are data's which can be measured directly.

Examples such as peak area in a chromatogram or volume from a burette.

Treated data:

When the raw data applied using calibration methods the resultant data obtained is known as treated data.

Results:

Results are ultimate reports that we report after the application of statistical methods (mean, standard deviation) to the Treated data.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is a blank and what is its purpose? Distinguish method blank, reagent blank, and field blank.

State when standard additions and internal standards, instead of a calibration curve, are desirable, and why.

In a murder trial in the 1990 s, the defendant's blood was found at the crime scene. The prosecutor argued that blood was left by the defendant during the crime. The defense argued that police "planted" the defendant's blood from a sample collected later. Blood is normally collected in a vial containing the metal-binding compound EDTA (as an anticoagulant) at a concentration of ~4.5mMafter the vial is filled with blood. At the time of the trial, procedures to measure EDTA in blood were not well established. Even though the amount of EDTA found in the crime-scene blood was orders of magnitude below ~4.5mM

, the jury acquitted the defendant. This trial motivated the development of a new method to measure EDTA in blood.

(a) Precision and accuracy. To measure accuracy and precision of the method, blood was fortified with EDTA to known levels.

Accuracy=100脳meanvaluefound-knownvalueknownvaluePrecision=100脳standarddeviationmean=coeffcientofvariation

For each of the three spike levels in the table, find the precision and accuracy of the quality control samples.

(b) Detection and quantitation limits. Low concentrations of EDTA near the detection limit gave the following dimensionless instrument readings: 175,104,164,193,131,189,155,133,151, and 176. Ten blanks had a mean reading of 45 - 1 . The slope of the calibration curve is1.75脳199M-1. Estimate the signal and concentration detection limits and the lower limit of quantitation for EDTA.

Standard addition. An unknown sample of Ni2+gave a current of 2.36渭础in an electrochemical analysis. When 0.500mLof solution containing role="math" localid="1654761474124" 0.0187MNi2+was added to 25.0mLof unknown, the current increased to 3.79渭础.

(a) Denoting the initial, unknown concentration as [Ni2+], write an expression for the final concentration, [Ni2+]f, after role="math" 25.0mLof unknown were mixed with 0.500mLof standard. Use the dilution factor for this calculation.

(b) In a similar manner, write the final concentration of added standard Ni2+, designated as [S]f.

(c) Find[Ni2+]in the unknown.

Detection limit. In spectrophotometry, we measure the concentration of an analyte by its absorbance of light. A low-concentration sample was prepared and nine replicate measurements gave absorbances of 0.0047,0.0054,0.0062,0.0060,0.0046,0.0056,0.0052,0.0044, and 0.0058. Nine reagent blanks gave values of 0.0006,0.0012, 0.0022,0.0005,0.0016,0.0008,0.0017,0.0010, and 0.0011.

a) Find the absorbance detection limit with equation 5-3.

b) The calibration curve is a graph of absorbance versus concentration. Absorbance is a dimensionless quantity. The slope of the calibration curve is m=2.24x104M-1Find the concentration detection limit with Equation 5-5.

(c) Find the lower limit of quantitation with Equation 5-6.
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