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Chapter 5: Q4P (page 114)

Distinguish raw data, treated data, and results.

Short Answer

Expert verified
  • Raw data are the unprocessed measurements collected from the specimens being studied.
  • Treated data are the concentrations found from the raw data with the use of calibration procedures.
  • Results are the reported data after the application of various statistical analyses to the treated data.

Step by step solution

01

Raw data, Treated data and results

Raw data:

Raw data are data's which can be measured directly.

Examples such as peak area in a chromatogram or volume from a burette.

Treated data:

When the raw data applied using calibration methods the resultant data obtained is known as treated data.

Results:

Results are ultimate reports that we report after the application of statistical methods (mean, standard deviation) to the Treated data.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

State when standard additions and internal standards, instead of a calibration curve, are desirable, and why.

5-28. Ititandard addition. Lead in dry river sediment was extracted with 25wt%HNO3at35掳Cfor1h.then1.00mLof filtered extract was mixed with other reagents to bring the total volume to V0=4.60mL.pb(ll)was measured electrochemically with a series of standard additions of 2.50pb(ll).


(a) Volume is not constant, so follow the procedure of Figures 5-5 and 5-6 to find ppmpb(ll)inthe1.00-mL

extract.

(b) Find the standard uncertainty and 95%confidence interval for the x-intercept of the graph. Assuming that uncertainty in intercept is larger than other uncertainties, estimate the uncertainty in ppm pb(ll)inthe1.00-mLextract.

In Figure 5-6, the x-intercept is -2.89mMand its standard uncertainty is0.098mM. Find the90%and99%confidence intervals for the intercept.

Standard addition graph. Tooth enamel consists mainly of the mineral calcium hydroxyapatite,C10PA46OH2. Trace elements in teeth of archeological specimens provide anthropologists with clues about diet and diseases of ancient people. Students at Hamline University used atomic absorption spectroscopy to measure strontium in enamel from extracted wisdom teeth. Solutions were prepared with a constant total volume of 10.0mLcontaining role="math" localid="1667792217398" 0.750mgof dissolved tooth enamel plus variable concentrations of added Sr.

(a) Find the concentration of Sr and its uncertainty in therole="math" localid="1667792593357" 10-mLsample solution in parts per billion =ng/mL.

(b) Find the concentration of Sr in tooth enamel in parts per million =渭gg.

(c) If the standard addition intercept is the major source of uncertainty, find the uncertainty in the concentration of Sr in tooth enamel in parts per million.

(d) Find the 95%confidence interval for Sr in tooth enamel.

What is the difference between repeatability and reproducibility? Define the following terms: instrument precision, intra-assay precision, intermediate precision, and interlaboratory precision. Which type of precision is a synonym for reproducibility?
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