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Chapter 25: Q2P (page 707)

Why are the relative eluent strengths of solvents in adsorption chromatography fairly independent of solute?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Adsorption chromatography uses a solid stationary phase and a liquid or gas mobile phase. As a result, it is independent of the solute because it is based on the difference in adsorption affinity between the adsorbent and the solvent. If the solvent's affinity is higher. A solute will be eluted from the absorbent.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1:Explaining the relative eluent chromatography of solvents.

  • Because adsorption chromatography employs a mobile phase in the liquid or solid state and a stationary phase in the solid state, the relative eluent strength of the solvent in adsorption chromatography is relatively independent of solute.
  • As a result, the solvent is competing with the solute for adsorption sites.
02

Explaining the independence of relative eluent strength.

  • Each solvent strikes a balance between adsorption on the solid surface and solvent solubility.
  • As a result, the solvent will move with the mobile phase until the equilibrium state is reached. The solvent is absorbed by the stationary phase

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a)explain how to measure k and resolution.

(b)state three method for measuring tmin reversed-phase chromatography.

(c)state three method for measuring tmin hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography.

(d)Estimate tmfor 15脳0.46column containing 5-渭尘particles operating at a flow rate of 1.5mL/minEstimate tmif the particle size were 3.5-渭尘 instead.

use figure 25-17to suggest which type of liquid chromatography you could use to separate compounds in each of the following categories.

(a)Molecular mass <2000,soluble in octane

(b) Molecular mass <2000 ,soluble in methanol-water mixtures

(c) Molecular mass <2000 ,weak acid

(d)Molecular mass<2000 ,soluble highly polar

(e) Molecular mass <2000 ,ionic

(f)Molecular mass<2000,soluble in water in nonionic various

(g) Molecular mass<2000,soluble in water in water, variety of changes

(h) Molecular mass<2000,soluble in tetrahydrofuran

The chromatogram in Box 25-3 shows the supercritical fluid chromatography separation of seven steroids monitored by three detectors.

(a) In the middle chromatogram, ultraviolet detection provides near universal response for the steroids, whereas in the lower chromatogram the ultraviolet detector provides a selective response for a few of the steroids. How can ultraviolet detection act as either a selective or universal detector?

(b) Why is a sloping baseline observed at 210 nm, but the baseline is flat at 254 nm?

(c) Use the baseline disturbance early in the 254 nm chromatogram to measure tm. How does the measured value compare with that predicted using Equation 25-5 given that the column is 25 脳 0.46 cm and the flow rate is 2.0 mL/min.

Two peaks emerge from a reversed-phase chromatography column as sketched in the illustration.

According to Equation 23-33, resolution is given by

Resolution=N4(伪-1)伪(k21+k2)

where Nis plate number, 伪is relative retention (Equation23-20), and k2 is the retention factor for the more retained component (Equation 23-16).

(a) If you decrease the amount of organic solvent in the mobile phase, you will increase retention. Sketch the chromatogram if retention factors increase but Nand 伪are constant.

(b) If you change the solvent type or the stationary phase, you will change the relative retention. Sketch the chromatogram if伪increases but Nandk1are constant.

(c) If you decrease particle size or increase column length, you can increase the plate number. Sketch the chromatogram if Nincreases by (i) decreasing particle size and (ii) increasing column length. Assume 伪and k2are constant.

what are criteria for an adequate isocratic chromatographic separation?
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