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Chapter 7: Problem 5
What is the common structural feature of \(\mathrm{NAD}^{\oplus}, \mathrm{FAD}\), and coenzyme A?
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Macrocytic anemia is a disease in which red blood cells mature slowly due to a decreased rate of DNA synthesis. The red blood cells are abnormally large (macrocytic) and are more easily ruptured. How could the anemia be caused by a deficiency of folic acid?
Succinate dehydrogenase requires FAD to catalyze the oxidation of succinate to fumarate in the citric acid cycle. Draw the isoalloxazine ring system of the cofactor resulting from the oxidation of succinate to fumarate and indicate which hydrogens in \(\mathrm{FADH}_{2}\) are lacking in FAD.
A vitamin \(\mathrm{B}_{6}\) deficiency in humans can result in irritability, nervousness, depression, and sometimes convulsions. These symptoms may result from decreased levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine, which are metabolic derivatives of tryptophan and tyrosine, respectively. How could a deficiency of vitamin \(B_{6}\) result in decreased levels of serotonin and norepinephrine?
Warfarin is used to kill rodents, and is toxic to animals in general because it causes abnormal internal bleeding to occur. Warfarin can interfere with the action of a certain vitamin-derived coenzyme by virtue of the structural similarity of their ring systems. Name the coenzyme.
A patient suffering from methylmalonic aciduria (high levels of methylmalonic acid) has high levels of homocysteine and low levels of methionine in the blood and tissues. Folic acid levels are normal. (a) What vitamin is likely to be deficient? (b) How could the deficiency produce the symptoms listed above? (c) Why is this vitamin deficiency more likely to occur in a person who follows a strict vegetarian diet?
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