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Chapter 20: Problem 17

Why does homologous recombination occur only between DNAs with identical, or almost identical, sequences?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Homologous recombination happens only between DNAs with identical, or almost identical, sequences because the process relies on the pairing of complementary strands of DNA, a process known as base pairing. If the sequences were not similar, the base pairs would not be able to form correctly, preventing recombination from occurring.

Step by step solution

01

Defining Homologous Recombination

Firstly, it's important to define what homologous recombination is. Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of DNA. It's a major pathway that cells use to repair DNA double-strand breaks and other damages.
02

Explain the Importance of Sequence Similarity

The sequence similarity or identity plays a critical role in this process. This is because the process relies on the pairing of complementary strands of DNA, a process known as base pairing. If the sequences were not similar, the base pairs would not be able to pair up correctly and the recombination could not occur.
03

Explain the Molecular Mechanisms

In more detail, during homologous recombination, one DNA double helix is cleaved at the damaged site and unwinds. The single-stranded region invades the other DNA helix, which has a matching, or homologous, sequence. The invading strand pairs with the complementary strand in the other helix, displacing the original complementary strand. If the sequences aren't identical or almost identical, this pairing can't happen correctly and the double-strand break can't be repaired accurately.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The chromosome of a certain bacterium is a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule of \(5.2 \times 10^{6}\) base pairs. The chromosome contains one origin of replication, and the rate of replication-fork movement is 1000 nucleotides per second. (a) Calculate the time required to replicate the chromosome. (b) Explain how the bacterial generation time can be as short as 25 minutes under extremely favorable conditions.

Ciprofloxacin is an antimicrobial used in the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections. One of the targets of ciprofloxacin in E. coli is topoisomerase II. Explain why the inhibition of topoisomerase II is an effective target to treat infections by E. coli.

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Why do cells exposed to visible light following irradiation with ultraviolet light have a greater survival rate than cells kept in the dark after irradiation with ultraviolet light?

The entire genome of the fruit fly \(D\). melanogaster consists of \(1.65 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{bp}\). If replication at a single replication fork occurs at the rate of \(30 \mathrm{bp}\) per sec, calculate the minimum time required to replicate the entire genome if replication were initiated (a) at a single bidirectional origin (b) at 2000 bidirectional origins (c) In the early embryo, replication can require as few as 5 minutes. What is the minimum number of origins necessary to account for this replication time?
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