/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 6 Animals cannot carry out a net c... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 16: Problem 6

Animals cannot carry out a net conversion of even chain fatty acid carbons to glucose. On the other hand, some of the carbons in odd-chain fatty acids can be gluconeogenic precursors to glucose. Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Even-chain fatty acids produce only acetyl-CoA, which can't be directly turned into glucose as these carbons are lost as CO2 during the citric acid cycle. However, odd-chain fatty acids also produce propionyl-CoA that can eventually be converted to glucose, through its conversion to oxaloacetate and contribution to gluconeogenesis.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Metabolism of Even-Chain Fatty Acids

In the process of beta-oxidation, fatty acids are broken down into two-carbon units of acetyl-CoA, regardless of whether the fatty acid chain is even or odd. This process yields energy for the cells. However, acetyl-CoA, made by even-chain fatty acids, can't be directly converted into glucose. This is because acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, and the resulting carbons are eventually lost as CO2.
02

Understanding Metabolism of Odd-Chain Fatty Acids

In contrast, odd-chain fatty acids, during the final round of beta-oxidation, result in one molecule of acetyl-CoA and another molecule of propionyl-CoA, which contains three carbons. The propionyl-CoA can be converted into Succinyl-CoA and then can enter the citric acid cycle.
03

Understanding Gluconeogenesis

In the citric acid cycle, Succinyl-CoA can be converted to oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is then used as a significant source for glucose production in the process of gluconeogenesis. Therefore, carbons from odd-chain fatty acids can indirectly contribute to glucose production.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Draw the correct structures of the following complex lipids. (a) Phosphatidyl glycerol. (b) Ethanolamine plasmalogen (1-alkyl-2-glycero-3phosphoethanolamine). (c) Glucocerebroside (1- \(\beta\)-D-glucoceramide).

Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide due in part to increased food intake and reduced physical activity. Obesity is associated with a variety of human diseases including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Selective and specific inhibitors of acetyl-CoA carboxylase have been proposed as potential anti-obesity drugs. (a) What effect would an inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase have on fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation? (b) One such inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase is CABI (structure below). What structural feature of CABI makes it a potential acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor? (Levert, K.L., Waldrop, G.L., Stephens, J.M. (2002). J. Biol. Chem. A biotin analog inhibits acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity and adipogenesis. \(277: 16347-16350 .)\) O=C(CCCCC1SCC2C1NC(=O)N2C(=O)CCl)OCc1ccccc1 CABI

Triclosan \((2,4,4\)-trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether) is an effective antimicrobial agent that is used in a wide range of consumer products including soaps, toothpaste, toys, and cutting boards. Triclosan is effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria and mycobacteria and is an inhibitor of type II FAS enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase. (a) What reaction is catalyzed by enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase? (b) Why is enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase an appropriate target for antimicrobials? (c) Suggest a reason why a compound may selectively inhibit fatty acid synthesis in bacteria and not in humans.

It has been proposed that malonyl CoA may be one of the signals sent to the brain to decrease the appetite response. When mice are given a derivative of cerulenin (a fungal epoxide) named C75, their appetite is suppressed and they rapidly lose weight. Cerulenin and its derivatives have been shown to be potent inhibitors of fatty acid synthase (FAS). Suggest how C75 might act as a potential weight reduction drug.

Tetrahydrolipstatin (Orlistat) is a drug treatment for obesity. It is an inhibitor of pancreatic lipase. Suggest a rationale for use of tetrahydrolipstatin to treat obesity.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.