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Chapter 4: Q 45P (page 234)

Draw the important resonance forms of the following free radicals.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Short Answer

Expert verified

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

Step by step solution

01

Free radicals

An atom or group of atoms containing odd or unpaired electron is known as the free radical. The unpaired electron is represented by a single unpaired dot in the formula. Free radicals are electrically neutral. They are highly reactive species formed by homolytic fission of a covalent bond.

02

Resonance structures

A single structural formula sometimes cannot explain all the properties of a compound that is given. In such cases, the compound may be represented by two or more structural formulae which differ from each other only in the arrangement of electrons. None of this structural formula alone can explain all the observed properties of the compound. The compound is then said to show resonance. The various structures are known as resonating structures. The true structure of the molecule is not represented by any of the resonating structures but is considered to be a resonance hybrid of the various resonating structures.

03

Resonance forms of the given free radicals

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

When a small piece of platinum is added to a mixture of ethene and hydrogen, the following reaction occurs:

Doubling the concentration of hydrogen has no effect on the reaction rate. Doubling the concentration of ethene also has no effect.

(a) What is the kinetic order of this reaction with respect to ethene? With respect to hydrogen? What is the overall order?

(b) Write the unusual rate equation for this reaction.

(c)Explain this strange rate equation, and suggest what one might do to accelerate the reaction.

Use bond-dissociation enthalpies (Table 4-2, p.203) to calculate values of螖Hfor the following reactions.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

Question: Under base-catalyzed conditions, two molecules of acetone can condense to form diacetone alcohol. At room temperature250c, aboutof 5%the acetone is converted to diacetone alcohol. Determine the value of鈭�G0for this reaction.

Question: (a) Propose a mechanism for the free-radical chlorination of ethane.

(b) Calculatefor each step in this reaction

(c) Calculate the overall value offor this reaction.

Use the bond-dissociation enthalpies in Table 4-2 (page 203) to calculate the heats of reaction for the two possible first propagation steps in the chlorination of isobutane. Use this information to draw a reaction-energy diagram like Figure 4-8, comparing the activation energies of the two radicals.
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