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Chapter 4: Q 45P (page 234)

Draw the important resonance forms of the following free radicals.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Short Answer

Expert verified

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

Step by step solution

01

Free radicals

An atom or group of atoms containing odd or unpaired electron is known as the free radical. The unpaired electron is represented by a single unpaired dot in the formula. Free radicals are electrically neutral. They are highly reactive species formed by homolytic fission of a covalent bond.

02

Resonance structures

A single structural formula sometimes cannot explain all the properties of a compound that is given. In such cases, the compound may be represented by two or more structural formulae which differ from each other only in the arrangement of electrons. None of this structural formula alone can explain all the observed properties of the compound. The compound is then said to show resonance. The various structures are known as resonating structures. The true structure of the molecule is not represented by any of the resonating structures but is considered to be a resonance hybrid of the various resonating structures.

03

Resonance forms of the given free radicals

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

f)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Acetylacetone (pentane -2, 4-dione)reacts with sodium hydroxide to give water and the sodium salt of a carbanion. Write a complete structural formula for the carbanion, and use resonance forms to show the stabilization of the carbanion.

When a small amount of iodine is added to a mixture of chlorine and methane, it prevents chlorination from occurring. Therefore, iodine is a free-radical inhibitor for this reaction. Calculate螖贬0values for the possible reactions of iodine with species present in the chlorination of methane and use these values to explain why iodine inhibits the reaction. (The I-Clbond-dissociation enthalpy is 211 kJ/molor 50 kcal/mol).

Draw a reaction-energy diagram for a one-step endothermic reaction. Label the parts that represent the reactants, products, transition state, activation energy, and heat of reaction.

Question: Each of the following proposed mechanisms for the free-radical chlorination of methane is wrong. Explain how the experimental evidence disproves each mechanism.

(a)

CI2+丑惫鈫扖滨2(anactivatedformofCI2)CI2+CH4鈫扝颁濒+颁贬3Cl(b)CH4+hv鈫�CH3+HCH3+Cl2鈫�CH3Cl+ClCl+H鈫�HCl

Question: Draw Lewis structures for the following free radicals.

(a)The ethyl radical, CH3-CH2

(b)The tert butyl radical, (CH3 )3C

(c)The isopropyl radical,(2-propyl radical)

(d)The iodine atom
See all solutions

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