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Chapter 26: Q36P (page 1343)

Compare the molecular structures of cotton and polypropylene, the two major components of thermal underwear. One of these gets wet easily and holds the water in contact with the skin. The other one does not get wet, but wicks the water away from the skin and feels relatively dry to the touch. Explain the difference in how these two fabrics respond to moisture.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Cotton is made up of cellulose molecules while polypropylene is made up of large number of isopropanes. Cotton becomes wet easily since it has a large number of hydroxide groups. However, polypropylene is practically a hydrocarbon and is considered to be hydrophobic. Hence, it feels relatively dry to touch.

Step by step solution

01

Cellulose (cotton)

It is a polymer of beta glucose. It is the chief structural material of the plants and is obtained from wood and cotton. About 50 % of wood is cellulose. Cellulose contains about 90-95% cellulose. Cellulose is an example of natural polymer.

02

Polypropylene

This type of polymer is formed by the successive addition of monomer units to the growing chain carrying a reactive intermediate such as a free-radical. The most commonly used radical initiator is benzoyl peroxide. Polypropylene is a type of chain-growth polymers (addition polymers).

03

Explanation

Cotton is made up of cellulose molecules while polypropylene is made up of large number of isopropanes. Cotton becomes wet easily since it has a large number of hydroxide groups. However, polypropylene is practically a hydrocarbon and is considered to be hydrophobic. Hence, it feels relatively dry to touch.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Bisphenol A is made on a large scale by a condensation of phenol with acetone. Suggest an appropriate catalyst, and propose a mechanism for this reaction. (Hint: This is a condensation because three molecules are joined with loss of water. The mechanism belongs to another class of reactions though.)

The polyester named LactomerRis an alternating copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid. Lactomer is used for absorbable suture material because stitches of Lactomer hydrolyze slowly over a two-week period and do not have to be removed. The hydrolysis products, lactic acid and glycolic acid, are normal metabolites and do not provoke an inflammatory response. Draw the structure of the Lactomer polymer.

The mechanism given for cationic polymerization of isobutylene (Mechanism 26-2) shows that all the monomer molecules add with the same orientation, giving a polymer with methyl groups on alternate carbon atoms of the chain. Explain why no isobutylene molecules add with the opposite orientation.

One of the earliest commercial plastics was BakeliteR, formed by the reaction of phenol with a little more than one equivalent of formaldehyde under acidic or basic conditions. Bayer first discovered this reaction in 1872, and practical methods for casting and molding. Bakelite were developed around 1909. Phenol-formaldehyde plastics and resins (also called phenolics) are highly cross-linked because each phenol ring has three sites (two ortho and one para) that can be linked by condensation with formaldehyde. Suggest a general structure for a phenol-formaldehyde resin, and propose a mechanism for its formation under acidic conditions. (Hint: Condensation of phenol with formaldehyde resembles the condensation of phenol with acetone, used in Problem 26-17, to make bisphenol A.)

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