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Chapter 26: Q2P (page 1326)

Propose a mechanism for reaction of the first three propylene units in the polymerization of propylene in the presence of benzoyl peroxide.

Short Answer

Expert verified

This type of polymerization results when a suitable alkene is heated with a radical initiator.

Step by step solution

01

Free-radical polymerization

This type of polymerization results when a suitable alkene is heated with a radical initiator.

02

Mechanism

In the initiation step, the initiator forms a radical that reacts with the monomer to start the chain.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The polyester named LactomerRis an alternating copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid. Lactomer is used for absorbable suture material because stitches of Lactomer hydrolyze slowly over a two-week period and do not have to be removed. The hydrolysis products, lactic acid and glycolic acid, are normal metabolites and do not provoke an inflammatory response. Draw the structure of the Lactomer polymer.

Explain why the addition of a small amount of glycerol to the polymerization mixture gives a stiffer urethane foam.

Olestra庐is a fat-based fat substitute that became available in snack foods such as potato chips in 1998. Previous fat substitutes were carbohydrate-based or protein-based mixtures that did not give as good a sensation in the mouth and are not suitable for frying. With Olestra庐, the glycerol molecule of a fat is replaced by sucrose (p. 1237). In Olestra庐, the sucrose molecule has six, seven, or (most commonly) eight fatty acids esterified to its hydroxy groups. The fatty acids come from hydrolysis of vegetable oils such as soybean, corn, palm, coconut, and cottonseed oils. This unnaturally bulky, fat-like molecule does not pass through the intestinal walls, and digestive enzymes cannot get close to the sucrose center to bind it to their active sites. Olestra庐 passes through the digestive system unchanged, and it provides zero calories.Draw a typical Olestra庐 molecule, using any fatty acids that are commonly found in vegetable oils.

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