91Ó°ÊÓ

True or false? The \(\mathrm{O}^{2-}\) and \(\mathrm{F}^{-}\) anions have identical electron configurations. Justify your answer with Bohr diagrams and electron configuration notation.

How can you tell how many electrons a representative metal is likely to lose? What, in general, will be the charge of the cation it forms?

How can you tell how many electrons a representative nonmetal is likely to gain? What, in general, will be the charge of the anion it forms?

Consider an anion and a cation joining to form a compound. (a) How does knowing the charge of the ions help to determine the formula? (b) What would be the formula of the compound formed from \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) cations and \(\mathrm{N}^{3-}\) anions?

What is wrong with Bohr's planetary model of atomic electrons according to modern quantum mechanical theory? (Hint: Use Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in your answer.)

Draw an s orbital, a \(p\) orbital, and a \(d\) orbital.

What gave Schrödinger justification to think of an electron in an atom as a nebulous cloud?

What is the wavelength in nanometers of infrared light for which \(\lambda=2.50 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{~m}\) ? How many times longer is this wavelength than red light that has a wavelength of \(750 \mathrm{~nm}\) ?

Electromagnetic radiation emitted by magnesium has a wavelength of \(285.2 \mathrm{~nm}\). (a) Is this radiation visible to the eye? (b) What is the energy of this radiation?

Would moving an electron farther from an atom's nucleus give off light energy or require the absorption of light energy? Explain your answer.