91Ó°ÊÓ

Describe how properties of seawater illustrate the two characteristics that define mixtures.

What types of intermolecular forces give rise to hydration shells in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride?

Acetic acid is miscible with water. Would you expect carboxylic acids with the general formula \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{n} \mathrm{COOH}\) to become more or less water soluble as \(n\) increases? Explain.

Hexane and methanol are miscible as gases but only slightly soluble in each other as liquids. Explain.

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas is much more soluble than propane gas \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8}\right)\) in water, even though \(\mathrm{HCl}\) has a lower boiling point. Explain.

What is the strongest type of intermolecular force between solute and solvent in each solution? (a) \(\mathrm{Cu}(s)\) in \(\mathrm{Ag}(s)\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}(g)\) in \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OCH}_{3}(g)\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{3}(g)\) in \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{NH}_{2}(l)\)

What is the strongest type of intermolecular force between solute and solvent in each solution? (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OCH}_{3}(g)\) in \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\) (b) \(\operatorname{Ne}(g)\) in \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l)\) (c) \(\mathrm{N}_{2}(g)\) in \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10}(g)\)

What is the strongest type of intermolecular force between solute and solvent in each solution? (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14}(l)\) in \(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{18}(l)\) (b) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{C}=\mathrm{O}(g)\) in \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}(l)\) (c) \(\operatorname{Br}_{2}(l)\) in \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}(l)\)

A dictionary definition of homogeneous is "uniform in composition throughout." River water is a mixture of dissolved compounds, such as calcium bicarbonate, and suspended soil particles. Is river water homogeneous? Explain.

Name three intermolecular forces that stabilize the shape of a soluble, globular protein, and explain how they act.