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Chapter 11: Problem 47

(a) Two pans of water are on different burners of a stove. One pan of water is boiling vigorously, while the other is boiling gently. What can be said about the temperature of the water in the two pans? (b) A large container of water and a small one are at the same temperature. What can be said about the relative vapor pressures of the water in the two containers?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The temperature of the water in both pans is at its boiling point, which is 100掳C or 212掳F at standard atmospheric pressure, regardless of whether the water is boiling gently or vigorously. (b) The vapor pressures of water in the large container and the small container are the same as they are at the same temperature, being a property dependent only on temperature and not on the amount of substance or size of the container.

Step by step solution

01

Situation (a) - Comparing the Temperature of Water in Two Pans

When water is boiling, it has reached its boiling point which is 100掳C or 212掳F at standard atmospheric pressure. Regardless of whether the water is boiling gently or vigorously, the temperature remains the same as long as it continues boiling.
02

Statement for Situation (a)

The temperature of the water in both pans is at its boiling point, which is 100掳C or 212掳F at standard atmospheric pressure.
03

Situation (b) - Comparing Vapor Pressure of Water in Two Containers

At the same temperature, the vapor pressure of a substance, in this case, water, is a property that is dependent only on the temperature and not on the amount of substance or the size of the container.
04

Statement for Situation (b)

The vapor pressures of water in the large container and the small container are the same as they are at the same temperature.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What type of intermolecular force accounts for the following differences in each case? (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\) boils at \(65^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{SH}\) boils at \(6^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). (b) Xe is liquid at atmos- pheric pressure and \(120 \mathrm{~K}\), whereas \(\mathrm{Ar}\) is a gas. (c) \(\mathrm{Kr}\), atomic weight 84 , boils at \(120.9 \mathrm{~K}\), whereas \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\), molecular weight about 71, boils at \(238 \mathrm{~K} .\) (d) Acetone boils at \(56{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), whereas 2 -methylpropane boils at \(-12{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).

Compounds like \(\mathrm{CCl}_{2} \mathrm{~F}_{2}\) are known as chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs. These compounds were once widely used as refrigerants but are now being replaced by compounds that are believed to be less harmful to the environment. The heat of vaporization of \(\mathrm{CCl}_{2} \mathrm{~F}_{2}\) is \(289 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{g}\). What mass of this substance must evaporate to freeze \(200 \mathrm{~g}\) of water initially at \(15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ? (The heat of fusion of water is \(334 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{g} ;\) the specific heat of water is \(4.18 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{g}-\mathrm{K}\).)

Explain why the heat of fusion of any substance is generally lower than its heat of vaporization.

The fluorocarbon compound \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{3} \mathrm{~F}_{3}\) has a normal boiling point of \(47.6^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). The specific heats of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{3} \mathrm{~F}_{3}(l)\) and \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{3} \mathrm{~F}_{3}(g)\) are \(0.91 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{g}-\mathrm{K}\) and \(0.67 \mathrm{~J} / \mathrm{g}-\mathrm{K}\), respectively. The heat of vaporization for the compound is \(27.49 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\). Calculate the heat required to convert \(50.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{3} \mathrm{~F}_{3}\) from a liquid at \(10.00{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) to a gas at \(85.00{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\).

(a) Silicon is the fundamental component of integrated circuits. Si has the same structure as diamond. Is \(\mathrm{Si}\) a molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network solid? (b) Silica is \(\mathrm{SiO}_{2}\). What type of solid would you expect silica to form?
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