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Chapter 7: Problem 74

Write a balanced equation for the reaction that occurs in each of the following cases: (a) Cesium is added to water. (b) Strontium is added to water. (c) Sodium reacts with oxygen. (d) Calcium reacts with iodine.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) \( 2Cs + 2H_2O \rightarrow 2CsOH + H_2 \) (b) \( Sr + 2H_2O \rightarrow Sr(OH)_2 + 2H_2\) (c) \( 4Na + O_2 \rightarrow 2Na_2O \) (d) \( Ca + I_2 \rightarrow CaI_2 \)

Step by step solution

01

Write the unbalanced equation

Cesium (Cs) reacts with water (H2O) to form cesium hydroxide (CsOH) and hydrogen gas (H2). Cs + H2O -> CsOH + H2
02

Balance the equation

Checking the number of atoms on each side of the equation, we need to put a coefficient of 2 in front of CsOH to balance cesium and a coefficient of 2 in front of H2O to balance hydrogen and oxygen atoms. 2Cs + 2H2O -> 2CsOH + H2 So, our final balanced equation is: \[ 2Cs + 2H_2O \rightarrow 2CsOH + H_2 \] (b) Strontium is added to water.
03

Write the unbalanced equation

Strontium (Sr) reacts with water (H2O) to form strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2) and hydrogen gas (H2). Sr + H2O -> Sr(OH)2 + H2
04

Balance the equation

Looking at the atoms in the equation, the strontium and oxygen atoms are already balanced. To balance the hydrogen atoms, we need to put a coefficient of 2 in front of H2O and H2. Sr + 2H2O -> Sr(OH)2 + 2H2 The final balanced equation is: \[ Sr + 2H_2O \rightarrow Sr(OH)_2 + 2H_2\] (c) Sodium reacts with oxygen.
05

Write the unbalanced equation

Sodium (Na) reacts with oxygen (O2) to form sodium oxide (Na2O). Na + O2 -> Na2O
06

Balance the equation

To balance this equation, place a coefficient of 4 in front of Na and a coefficient of 2 in front of Na2O. 4Na + O2 -> 2Na2O Our final balanced equation is: \[ 4Na + O_2 \rightarrow 2Na_2O \] (d) Calcium reacts with iodine.
07

Write the unbalanced equation

Calcium (Ca) reacts with iodine (I2) to form calcium iodide (CaI2). Ca + I2 -> CaI2
08

Balance the equation

This equation is already balanced, as there is an equal number of each type of atom on both sides. Our final balanced equation is: \[ Ca + I_2 \rightarrow CaI_2 \]

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships of the substances used and produced by chemical reactions.
Chemical Reactions
Chemical reactions involve the breaking and forming of bonds between atoms to produce new substances. During a chemical reaction, the identities of substances change as atoms are rearranged. Knowledge of how to write balanced chemical equations is crucial because it reflects the law of conservation of mass, where the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.
Compounds and Elements
Elements are pure substances consisting of only one type of atom, while compounds are substances composed of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded. The process of a chemical reaction often involves elements reacting to form compounds, or compounds breaking down into elements or smaller compounds.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Does the reactivity of a metal correlate with its first ionization energy? Explain.

How do the sizes of atoms change as we move (a) from left to right across a row in the periodic table, (b) from top to bottom in a group in the periodic table? (c) Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing atomic radius: \(\mathrm{O}, \mathrm{Si}, \mathrm{I}, \mathrm{Ge} .\)

Identify at least two ions that have the following ground-state electron configurations: (a) \([\mathrm{Ar}] ;\) (b) \([\mathrm{Ar}] 3 d^{5}\); (c) \([\mathrm{Kr}] 5 s^{2} 4 d^{10}\)

Write balanced equations for the following reactions: (a) barium oxide with water, (b) iron(II) oxide with perchloric acid, (c) sulfur trioxide with water, (d) carbon dioxide with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

We will see in Chapter 12 that semiconductors are materials that conduct electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as metals. The only two elements in the periodic table that are technologically useful semiconductors are silicon and germanium. Integrated circuits in computer chips today are based on silicon. Compound semiconductors are also used in the electronics industry. Examples are gallium arsenide, GaAs; gallium phosphide, GaP; cadmium sulfide, CdS; cadium selenide, CdSe. (a) What is the relationship between the compound semiconductors' compositions and the positions of their elements on the periodic table relative to \(\mathrm{Si}\) and Ge? (b) Workers in the semiconductor industry refer to \({ }^{4} \mathrm{II}-\mathrm{VI}^{m}\) and \({ }^{4} \mathrm{III}-\mathrm{V}^{n} \mathrm{ma}-\) terials, using Roman numerals; can you identify which compound semiconductors are II-VI and which are III-V? Suggest other compositions of compound semiconductors based on the positions of their elements in the periodic table.
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