91Ó°ÊÓ

Which of these molecules is unsaturated? [Section 24.3\(]\)

What are the characteristic hybrid orbitals employed by (a) carbon in an alkane, (b) carbon in a double bond in an alkene, (c) carbon in the benzene ring, (d) carbon in a triple bond in an alkyne?

What are the approximate bond angles (a) about carbon in an alkane, (b) about a doubly bonded carbon atom in an alkene, (c) about a triply bonded carbon atom in an alkyne?

Are carbon monoxide or ammonia considered organic molecules? Why or why not?

(a) What is the difference between a straight-chain and branched-chain alkane? (b) What is the difference between an alkane and an alkyl group?

What structural features help us identify a compound as (a) an alkane, (b) a cycloalkane, (c) an alkene, (d) an alkyne, (e) a saturated hydrocarbon, (f) an aromatic hydrocarbon?

Give the the name or condensed structural formula, as appropriate:(c) 2 -methylheptane (d) 4 -ethyl- 2,3 -dimethyloctane (e) 1,2 -dimethylcyclohexane

Give the name or condensed structural formula, appropriate: (a) CCCCC(C)CC(C)C (b) 2,2 -dimethylpentane (c) 4 -ethyl-1,1-dimethylcyclohexane (d) \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CHCH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{C}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{3}\) (e) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}\left(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5}\right) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\)

Give the name or condensed structural formula, as appropriate: (a) 3 -phenylpentane (b) 2,3 - dimethythexane (c) 2 -ethyl-2-methylhepane (d) CCCCCCCCCC(C)C(C)C (e) CC1CCC1

Describe two ways in which the octane number of a gasoline consisting of alkanes can be increased.