/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 40 Describe the intermediate that i... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 24: Problem 40

Describe the intermediate that is thought to form in the addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene, using cyclohexene as the alkene in your description.

Short Answer

Expert verified
In the addition of a hydrogen halide (HX) to cyclohexene, the initial intermediate formed is a secondary carbocation after the protonation of the alkene's double bond by the hydrogen halide. The structure of this intermediate contains a positively charged carbon connected to two other carbons.

Step by step solution

01

Writing the initial reactants

Write down the given alkene (cyclohexene) and a generic hydrogen halide (HX), where X is a halide (like Cl, Br, I). Cyclohexene: \(C_6H_{10}\) Hydrogen halide: HX
02

Protonation of the alkene

The first step in the reaction of an alkene with a hydrogen halide is the protonation of the double bond. The electron-rich double bond in the alkene (cyclohexene) will attract the proton from the hydrogen halide (HX) to form a carbocation. Cyclohexene + HX 鈫� Carbocation + X^-
03

Identifying the carbocation

After the protonation of the alkene, a carbocation is formed. In the case of cyclohexene, the resulting carbocation will be a secondary carbocation since the positively charged carbon would be connected to two other carbons.
04

Writing the structure of the carbocation

Draw the structure of the secondary carbocation that forms: The carbocation: ``` H H H | | | H--C--C--+ | | | H H H ``` Remember that the "+" in the structure represents the positively charged carbon atom.
05

Final description

In the addition of a hydrogen halide (HX) to cyclohexene, the initial intermediate that forms is a secondary carbocation. This carbocation is formed after the protonation of the double bond in the alkene by the hydrogen halide. The structure of this intermediate contains a positively charged carbon, which is connected to two other carbons.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

If a molecule is an "ene-one," what functional groups must it have?

(a) Describe the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of proteins. (b) Quaternary structures of proteins arise if two or more smaller polypeptides or proteins associate with each other to make an overall much larger protein structure. The association is due to the same hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and dispersion forces we have seen before. Hemoglobin, the protein used to transport oxygen molecules in our blood, is an example of a protein that has quaternary structure. Hemoglobin is a tetramer; it is made of four smaller polypeptides, two "alphas" and two "betas." (These names do not imply anything about the number of alpha-helices or beta sheets in the individual polypeptides.) What kind of experiments would provide sound evidence that hemoglobin exists as a tetramer and not as one enormous polypeptide chain? You may need to look into the chemical literature to discover techniques that chemists and biochemists use to make these decisions.

Adenine and guanine are members of a class of molecules known as purines; they have two rings in their structure. Thymine and cytosine, on the other hand, are pyrimidines, and have only one ring in their structure. Predict which have larger dispersion forces in aqueous solution, the purines or the pyrimidines.

What are the characteristic hybrid orbitals employed by (a) carbon in an alkane, (b) carbon in a double bond in an alkene, (c) carbon in the benzene ring, (d) carbon in a triple bond in an alkyne?

Draw the structure for 2 -bromo- 2 -chloro- 3 -methylpentane, and indicate any chiral carbons in the molecule.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Chemical Analysis

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.