Chapter 16: Q57 E (page 881)
Write conversion factors (as ratios) for the number of:
(a) yards in 1 meter
(b) liters in 1 liquid quart
(c) pounds in 1 kilogram
Short Answer
(a) 1.0936 yd/m
(b) 0.94635 L/qt
(c) 2.2046 lb/kg
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Chapter 16: Q57 E (page 881)
Write conversion factors (as ratios) for the number of:
(a) yards in 1 meter
(b) liters in 1 liquid quart
(c) pounds in 1 kilogram
(a) 1.0936 yd/m
(b) 0.94635 L/qt
(c) 2.2046 lb/kg
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Balance the following reactions and write the reactions using cell notation. Ignore any inert electrodes, as they are never part of the half-reactions.
(a) \({\rm{Al}}(s) + {\rm{Z}}{{\rm{r}}^{4 + }}(aq) \to {\rm{A}}{{\rm{l}}^{3 + }}(aq) + {\rm{Zr}}(s)\)
(b) \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}^ + }(aq) + {\rm{NO}}(g) \to {\rm{Ag}}(s) + {\rm{N}}{{\rm{O}}_3}^ - (aq)\)(acidic solution)
(c) \({\rm{Si}}{{\rm{O}}_3}^{2 - }(aq) + {\rm{Mg}}(s) \to {\rm{Si}}(s) + {\rm{Mg}}{({\rm{OH}})_2}(s)\)(basic solution)
(d) \({\rm{Cl}}{{\rm{O}}_3}^ - (aq) + {\rm{Mn}}{{\rm{O}}_2}(s) \to {\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}^ - }(aq) + {\rm{Mn}}{{\rm{O}}_4}^ - (aq)\)(basic solution
Predict the sign of the enthalpy change for the following processes. Give a reason for your prediction.
(a) \({\bf{NaN}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}{\bf{(s)}} \to {\bf{N}}{{\bf{a}}^{\bf{ + }}}{\bf{(aq) + N}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}^{\bf{ - }}{\bf{(aq)}}\)
(b) the freezing of liquid water
(c) \({\bf{C}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(s)}} \to {\bf{C}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\)
(d) \({\bf{CaCO(s)}} \to {\bf{CaO(s) + C}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\)
Without doing a numerical calculation, determine which of the following will reduce the free energy change for the reaction, that is, make it less positive or more negative, when the temperature is increased. Explain.
(a) \({{\bf{N}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g) + 3}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}} \to {\bf{2N}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{3}}}{\bf{(g)}}\)
(b) \({\bf{HCl(g) + N}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{3}}}{\bf{(g)}} \to {\bf{N}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{4}}}{\bf{Cl(s)}}\)
(c) \({\left( {{\bf{N}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{4}}}} \right)_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{C}}{{\bf{r}}_{\bf{2}}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{7}}}{\bf{(s)}} \to {\bf{C}}{{\bf{r}}_{\bf{2}}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}{\bf{(s) + 4}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{O(g) + }}{{\bf{N}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\)
(d) \({\bf{2Fe(s) + 3}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}} \to {\bf{F}}{{\bf{e}}_{\bf{2}}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}{\bf{(s)}}\)
Consider the decomposition of red mercury(II) oxide under standard state conditions.
\({\bf{2HgO(s, red )}} \to {\bf{2Hg(l) + }}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\)
(a) Is the decomposition spontaneous under standard state conditions?
(b) Above what temperature does the reaction become spontaneous?
Determine the standard enthalpy change, entropy change, and free energy change for the conversion of diamond to graphite. Discuss the spontaneity of the conversion with respect to the enthalpy and entropy changes. Explain why diamond spontaneously changing into graphite is not observed.
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