Chapter 16: Q57 E (page 881)
Write conversion factors (as ratios) for the number of:
(a) yards in 1 meter
(b) liters in 1 liquid quart
(c) pounds in 1 kilogram
Short Answer
(a) 1.0936 yd/m
(b) 0.94635 L/qt
(c) 2.2046 lb/kg
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Chapter 16: Q57 E (page 881)
Write conversion factors (as ratios) for the number of:
(a) yards in 1 meter
(b) liters in 1 liquid quart
(c) pounds in 1 kilogram
(a) 1.0936 yd/m
(b) 0.94635 L/qt
(c) 2.2046 lb/kg
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Although the gas used in the oxyacetylene torch Figure (5.7) is essentially pure acetylene, the heat produced by the combustion of one mole ofacetylene in such a torch is likely, not equal to the enthalpy of combustion of acetylene listed in the table 5.2. Considering the conditions for which the tabulated data are reported. Suggest an explanation.
Consider the decomposition of red mercury(II) oxide under standard state conditions.
\({\bf{2HgO(s, red )}} \to {\bf{2Hg(l) + }}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\)
(a) Is the decomposition spontaneous under standard state conditions?
(b) Above what temperature does the reaction become spontaneous?
Carbon tetrachloride, an important industrial solvent, is prepared by the chlorination of methane at \(850\;{\rm{K}}\).
\({\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_4}(g) + 4{\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}_2}(g) \to {\rm{CC}}{{\rm{l}}_4}(g) + 4{\rm{HCl}}(g)\)
What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction at \(850\;{\rm{K}}\)? Would the reaction vessel need to be heated or cooled to keep the temperature of the reaction constant?
Predict the sign of the enthalpy change for the following processes. Give a reason for your prediction.
(a) \({\bf{NaN}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}{\bf{(s)}} \to {\bf{N}}{{\bf{a}}^{\bf{ + }}}{\bf{(aq) + N}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}^{\bf{ - }}{\bf{(aq)}}\)
(b) the freezing of liquid water
(c) \({\bf{C}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(s)}} \to {\bf{C}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\)
(d) \({\bf{CaCO(s)}} \to {\bf{CaO(s) + C}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\)
Among other things, an ideal fuel for the control thrusters of a space vehicle should decompose in a spontaneous exothermic reaction when exposed to the appropriate catalyst. Evaluate the following substances under standard state conditions as suitable candidates for fuels.
(a) Ammonia\({\bf{:}}{\rm{ }}{\bf{2N}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{3}}}{\bf{(g)}} \to {{\bf{N}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g) + 3}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\)
(b) Diborane\({\bf{:}}{\rm{ }}{{\bf{B}}_{\bf{2}}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{6}}}{\bf{(g)}} \to {\bf{2\;B(g) + 3}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\)
(c) Hydrazine: \({{\bf{N}}_{\bf{2}}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{4}}}{\bf{(g)}} \to {{\bf{N}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g) + 2}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\)
(d) Hydrogen peroxide: \({{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(l)}} \to {{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{O(g) + }}\frac{{\bf{1}}}{{\bf{2}}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\)
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