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Chapter 4: Q67E (page 223)

Toluene, C6H5CH3, is oxidized by air under carefully controlled conditions to benzoic acid, C6H5CO2H, which is used to prepare the food preservative sodium benzoate, C6H5CO2Na. What is the percent yield of a reaction that converts 1.000 kg of toluene to 1.21 kg of benzoic acid? \(2{C_6}{H_5}C{H_3} + 3{O_2} \to 2{C_6}{H_5}C{O_2}H + 2{H_2}O\).

Short Answer

Expert verified

The percent yield is \(91.3\% \).

Step by step solution

01

Determine molar mass

1 mol\({C_6}{H_5}C{H_3} = 7\left( {12.011} \right) + 8\left( {1.008} \right) = 92.141g\)

1 mol\({C_6}{H_5}C{O_2}H = 7\left( {12.011} \right) + 6\left( {1.008} \right) + 2\left( {15.999} \right) = 122.123g\)

\(\begin{aligned}{}1.000kg{C_6}{H_5}C{H_3}\left( {\frac{{1mol{C_6}{H_5}C{H_3}}}{{342.297g{C_6}{H_5}C{H_3}}}} \right)\left( {\frac{{2mol{C_6}{H_5}C{O_2}H}}{{1mol{C_6}{H_5}C{H_3}}}} \right)\left( {\frac{{122.123g{C_6}{H_5}C{O_2}H}}{{1mol{C_6}{H_5}C{O_2}H}}} \right)\\ = 1.325g{C_6}{H_5}C{O_2}H\end{aligned}\)

02

Determine percentage yield

Calculate the percent yield.

%yield =\(\frac{{{\rm{actual yield}}}}{{{\rm{theoretical yield}}}} \times 100\% \)

\( = \frac{{1.21}}{{1.325}} = 91.3\% \)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How many molecules of the sweetener saccharin can be prepared from 30 C atoms, 25 H atoms, 12 O atoms, 8 S atoms, and 14 N atoms?

Identify the atoms that are oxidized and reduced, the change in the oxidation state for each, and the oxidizing and reducing agents in each of the following equations:

(a)\(Mg\left( s \right) + NiC{l_2}\left( {aq} \right) \to MgC{l_2}\left( {aq} \right) + Ni\left( s \right)\)

(b)\(PC{l_3}\left( l \right) + C{l_2}\left( g \right) \to PC{l_5}\left( s \right)\)

(c)\({C_2}{H_4}\left( g \right) + 3{O_2}\left( g \right) \to 2C{O_2}\left( g \right) + 2{H_2}O\left( g \right)\)

(d)\(Zn\left( s \right) + {H_2}S{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) \to ZnS{O_4}\left( {aq} \right) + {H_2}\left( g \right)\)

(e) \(2{K_2}{S_2}{O_3}\left( s \right) + {I_2}\left( s \right) \to {K_2}{S_4}{O_6}\left( s \right) + 2KI\left( s \right)\)

(f) \(3Cu\left( s \right) + 8HN{O_3}\left( {aq} \right) \to 3Cu{\left( {N{O_3}} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right) + 2NO\left( g \right) + 4{H_2}O\left( l \right)\)

The phosphorus pentoxide used to produce phosphoric acid for cola soft drinks is prepared by burning phosphorus in oxygen.

(a) What is the limiting reactant when 0.200 mol of P4 and 0.200 mol of O2 react according to

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(b) Calculate the percent yield if 10.0 g of P4O10is isolated from the reaction.

A novel process for obtaining magnesium from sea water involves several reactions. Write a balanced chemical equation for each step of the process.

(a)The first step is the decomposition of solid calcium carbonate from seashells to form solid calcium oxide and gaseous carbon dioxide.

(b)The second step is the formation of solid calcium hydroxide as the only product from the reaction of the solid calcium oxide with liquid water.

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(e)Finally, the magnesium chloride is melted and electrolyzed to yield liquid magnesium metal and diatomic chlorine gas.

Write a balanced equation for the decomposition of ammonium nitrate to form molecular nitrogen, molecular oxygen and water. (Hint Balance oxygen last, since it is present in more than one molecule on the right side of the equation)
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