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Chapter 10: Q5E (page 583)

What is the evidence that all neutral atoms and molecules exert attractive forces on each other?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The attractive force between neutral atoms and molecules is evidence that they all exert attractive force.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Atoms

An atom is the smallest unit of any chemical element. Atoms are extremely small particles, with a diameter of about 100 micrometres.

02

Evidence that atoms and molecules exert Attractive Force

At low temperatures, attractive forces are stronger than the particle kinetic energy. Hence, all atoms and molecules will condense into a liquid or a solid.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How much heat is required to evaporate 100.0 g of liquid ammonia, NH3, at its boiling point if its enthalpy of vaporization is 4.8 kJ/mol?

At very low temperatures oxygen, O2, freezes and forms a crystalline solid. Which best describes these crystals?

(a) ionic (b) covalent network (c) metallic (d) amorphous (e) molecular crystals

Open the PhET States of Matter Simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16phetvisual) to answer the following questions:

(a) Select the Solid, Liquid, Gas tab. Explore by selecting different substances, heating and cooling the systems, and changing the state. What similarities do you notice between the four substances for each phase (solid, liquid, gas)? What differences do you notice?

(b) For each substance, select each of the states and record the given temperatures. How do the given temperatures for each state correlate with the strengths of their intermolecular attractions? Explain.

(c) Select the Interaction Potential tab, and use the default neon atoms. Move the Ne atom to the right and observe how the potential energy changes. Select the Total Force button, and move the Ne atom as before. When is the total force on each atom attractive and large enough to matter? Then select the Component Forces button, and move the Ne atom. When do the attractive (van der Waals) and repulsive (electron overlap) forces balance? How does this relate to the potential energy versus the distance between atoms graph? Explain.

In terms of their bulk properties, how do liquids and solids differ? How are they similar?

Nickel metal crystallizes in a cubic closest packed structure. What is the coordination number of a nickel atom?

See all solutions

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