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Chapter 10: Q10.6CYL (page 539)

The boiling point of ethyl ether was measured to be 10 掳C at a base camp on the slopes of Mount Everest. as shown to determine the approximate atmospheric pressure at the camp.

Figure 10.24 The boiling points of liquids are the temperatures at which their equilibrium vapor pressures equal the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere. Normal boiling points are those corresponding to a pressure of 1 atm (101.3

kPa.)

Short Answer

Expert verified

Approximate atmospheric pressure, at the camp, at \({10.0^\circ }{\rm{C}}\), boiling point of ethyl ether , will be : \({P_{{\rm{atm }}}} = \) \(40.0{\rm{kPa}}\) ( or 0.4 atm ).

Step by step solution

01

Define the vapour pressure  

The temperature at the physical state of the liquids starts changing to a gaseous state is called the boiling point. At this temperature, the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the external pressure.

02

 Identify the Approximate atmospheric pressure

At the base camp on the slopes of Mount Everest, the boiling point of ethyl ether is \({10^\circ }{\rm{C}}\).

The temperatures where the vapor pressures which is in equilibrium is similar to the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere is the boiling points of liquids.

Normal boiling points relates to the pressure of one atmosphere or \(101.3{\rm{kPa}}\).

From the graph at a temperature of \({10^\circ }{\rm{C}}\), the approximate atmospheric pressure is \(40{\rm{kPa}}\) which is nothing but \(0.4\;{\rm{atm}}\).

The approximate atmospheric pressure of ethyl ether at the camp is \(40{\rm{kPa}}\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Identify the following substances as ionic, metallic, covalent network, or molecular solids: Substance A is malleable, ductile, conducts electricity well, and has a melting point of\({\rm{1135 ^\circ C}}\). Substance B is brittle, does not conduct electricity as a solid but does when molten, and has a melting point of\({\rm{2072 ^\circ C}}\). Substance C is very hard, does not conduct electricity, and has a melting point of\({\rm{3440 ^\circ C}}\). Substance D is soft, does not conduct electricity, and has a melting point of\({\rm{185 ^\circ C}}\).

From the phase diagram for water determine the state of water at:

\(\begin{aligned}{\rm{(a)}}\,{\rm{3}}{{\rm{5}}^{\rm{^\circ }}}{\rm{C}}\,{\rm{and}}\,{\rm{85}}\,{\rm{kPa}}\\{\rm{(b) - 1}}{{\rm{5}}^{\rm{^\circ }}}{\rm{C}}\,{\rm{and}}\,{\rm{40}}\,{\rm{kPa}}\\{\rm{(c) - 1}}{{\rm{5}}^{\rm{^\circ }}}{\rm{C}}\,{\rm{and}}\,{\rm{0}}{\rm{.1}}\,{\rm{kPa}}\\{\rm{(d)7}}{{\rm{5}}^{\rm{^\circ }}}{\rm{C}}\,{\rm{and}}\,{\rm{3}}\,{\rm{kPa}}\\{\rm{(e)4}}{{\rm{0}}^{\rm{^\circ }}}{\rm{C}}\,{\rm{and}}\,{\rm{0}}{\rm{.1}}\,{\rm{kPa}}\\{\rm{(f)6}}{{\rm{0}}^{\rm{^\circ }}}{\rm{C}}\,{\rm{and}}\,{\rm{50}}\,{\rm{kPa}}\end{aligned}\)

Open the PhET States of Matter Simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16phetvisual) to answer the following questions:

(a) Select the Solid, Liquid, Gas tab. Explore by selecting different substances, heating and cooling the systems, and changing the state. What similarities do you notice between the four substances for each phase (solid, liquid, gas)? What differences do you notice?

(b) For each substance, select each of the states and record the given temperatures. How do the given temperatures for each state correlate with the strengths of their intermolecular attractions? Explain.

(c) Select the Interaction Potential tab, and use the default neon atoms. Move the Ne atom to the right and observe how the potential energy changes. Select the Total Force button, and move the Ne atom as before. When is the total force on each atom attractive and large enough to matter? Then select the Component Forces button, and move the Ne atom. When do the attractive (van der Waals) and repulsive (electron overlap) forces balance? How does this relate to the potential energy versus the distance between atoms graph? Explain.

What types of liquids typically form amorphous solids?

The free space in a metal may be found by subtracting the volume of the atoms in a unit cell from the volume of the cell. Calculate the percentage of free space in each of the three cubic lattices if all atoms in each are of equal size and touch their nearest neighbours. Which of these structures represents the most efficient packing? That is, which one of them packs with the least amount of unused space?
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