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Chapter 12: Q10E (page 702)

In the PhET Reactions & Rates (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PHETreaction) interactive, use the 鈥淢any Collisions鈥� tab to observe how multiple atoms and molecules interact under varying conditions. Select a molecule to pump into the chamber. Set the initial temperature and select the current amounts of each reactant. Select 鈥淪how bonds鈥� under Options. How is the rate of the reaction affected by concentration and temperature?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Rate of reaction increases with increase in temperature and concentration.

Step by step solution

01

Effect of concentration

On increasing the concentration of reactant molecules, the reaction rate increases because the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of reactant. A higher concentration of reactant will lead to more collisions of that reactant in a specific time period.

Rate law predicts the relationship between the rate of reaction and the concentration of reactant.

rate = k [reactant]n

02

Temperature

With the increase in temperature, the particle average velocity increases. The average kinetic energy of particles is also increased. The result is that the particle will collide more frequently and move around faster. This results in the encounter of more reactant particles.

Thus, on increasing temperature, the rate of reaction increases because the reactant molecules collide at a faster rate at the high temperature, and their collision results in the formation of products.

At low temperature, molecules have less kinetic energy and less velocity, so their collisions are not much effective to form the product. Hence, the rate of reaction is slow at low temperature.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider the following reaction in aqueous solution:

\(\)

\({\bf{5B}}{{\bf{r}}^ - }\left( {aq} \right) + BrO_3^ - \left( {aq} \right) + 6{H^ + }\left( {aq} \right) \to 3B{r_2}\left( {aq} \right) + 3{H_2}O\left( l \right)\)

If the rate of disappearance of Br鈥� (aq) at a particular moment during the reaction is 3.5 脳 10鈭�4 M s 鈭�1, what is the rate of appearance of\({\bf{B}}{{\bf{r}}_{\bf{2}}}\)(aq) at that moment?

What is the half-life for the decomposition of \({{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}\) when the concentration of \({{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}\)is \({\bf{2}}{\bf{.35 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{ - 6}}}}\)M? The rate constant for this second-order reaction is 50.4 L/mol/h.

In the PhET Reactions & Rates (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16PHETreaction) interactive, on the Many Collisions tab, set up a simulation with 15 molecules of A and 10 molecules of BC. Select 鈥淪how Bonds鈥� under Options.

  1. Leave the Initial Temperature at the default setting. Observe the reaction. Is the rate of reaction fast or slow?
  2. Click 鈥淧ause鈥� and then 鈥淩eset All,鈥� and then enter 15 molecules of A and 10 molecules of BC once again. Select 鈥淪how Bonds鈥� under Options. This time, increase the initial temperature until, on the graph, the total average energy line is completely above the potential energy curve. Describe what happens to the reaction

Describe the effect of each of the following on the rate of the reaction of magnesium metal with a solution of hydrochloric acid: the molarity of the hydrochloric acid, the temperature of the solution, and the size of the pieces of magnesium.

Account for the increase in reaction rate brought about by a catalyst.
See all solutions

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