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Chapter 9: Q1 E (page 506)
Why are sharp knives more effective than dull knives (Hint: think about the definition of pressure)?
Because the area of a sharp knife is less than that of a dull knife, the pressure, or force/area, will be greater for the sharp knife. As a result, they are more efficient.
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As \(1\;{\rm{g}}\)of the radioactive element radium decays over \(1\;\) year, it produces \(1.16 \times {10^{18}}\) alpha particles (helium nuclei). Each alpha particle becomes an atom of helium gas. What is the pressure in pascal of the helium gas produced if it occupies a volume of \(125\;{\rm{mL}}\)at a temperature of \({25^\circ }{\rm{C}}\) ?
Question: Answer the following questions:
(a) If \({\rm{XX}}\) behaved as an ideal gas, what would its graph of \({\rm{Z}}\) vs. \({\rm{P}}\) look like?
(b) For most of this chapter, we performed calculations treating gases as ideal. Was this justified?
(c) What is the effect of the volume of gas molecules on \({\rm{Z}}\)? Under what conditions is this effect small? When is it large? Explain using an appropriate diagram.
(d) What is the effect of intermolecular attractions on the value of \({\rm{Z}}\)? Under what conditions is this effect small? When is it large? Explain using an appropriate diagram.
(e) In general, under what temperature conditions would you expect \({\rm{Z}}\) to have the largest deviations from the \({\rm{Z}}\) for an ideal gas?
The chlorofluorocarbon CCl2F2 can be recycled into a different compound by reaction with hydrogen to produce CH2F2(g), a compound useful in chemical manufacturing: CCl2F2 (g) + 4H2 (驳)鉄禖贬2F2 (g) + 2HCl(g)
(a) Outline the steps necessary to answer the following question: What volume of hydrogen at 225 atm and 35.5 掳C would be required to react with 1 ton (1.000 脳 103 kg) of CCl2F2?
(b) Answer the question
Question: Under which of the following sets of conditions does a real gas behave most like an ideal gas, and for which conditions is a real gas expected to deviate from ideal behaviour? Explain.
(a) high pressure, small volume
(b) high temperature, low pressure
(c) low temperature, high pressure
A spray can is used until it is empty except for the propellant gas, which has a pressure of \({\rm{1344 torr}}\) at \({\rm{23^\circ C}}\). If the can is thrown into a fire (\({\rm{T = 475^\circ C}}\)), what will be the pressure in the hot can?
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