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Chapter 9: Q60P (page 375)
Using the periodic table only, arrange the elements in each set in order of decreasing EN: (a) Br, Cl, P; (b) I, F, O
Electronegativity is defined as an atom's proclivity to attract the shared pair of electrons between the bonded atoms.
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Which of the bonds in the Problem 9.85 is the least polar?
Dimethyl ether ( ) and ethanol ( ) are constitutional isomers.
a) Calculate for the formation of each compound as a gas from methane and oxygen; water vapor forms.
b) state which reaction is more exothermic.
c) calculate for the conversion of ethanol to dimethyl ether
Heats of reaction calculated from bond energies and from heats of formation are often, but not always, close to each other.
a) Industrial ethanol ( ) is produce by a catalytic reaction of ethylene ( ) with water at high pressure and temperatures. Calculate for this gas-phase hydration of ethylene to ethanol, using bond energies and then using heats of formation.
b) ethylene glycol is produced by the catalytic oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide, which then reacts with water to form ethylene glycol:
The for this hydrolysis step, based on heat of formation, is -97kJ/mol. Calculate for the hydrolysis using bond energies.
c) why are two values relatively close for the hydration in part (a) but not close for the hydrolysis in part(b).
The energy of the C-C bond is 347 kJ/mol, and that of the Cl-Cl bond is 243 kJ/mol. Which of the following values might you expect for the C-Cl bond energy? Explain.
(a) 590 kJ/mol (sum of the values given)
(b) 104 kJ/mol (difference of the values given)
(c) 295 kJ/mol (average of the values given)
(d) 339 kJ/mol (greater than the average of the values given)
Even though so much energy is required to form a metal cation with a 2+ charge, the alkaline earth metals form halides with general formula
, rather than MX.
(a) Use the following data to calculate the of MgCl:
Mg(s) Mg(g) = 148 kJ
(g) 2Cl(g) -243 kJ
Mg(g) (g) + e- =738 kJ
Cl(g) + (g) = -349 kJ
of MgCl = 783.5 kJ/mol.
(b) Is MgCl favoured energetically relative to Mg and ? Explain.
(c) Use Hess鈥檚 law to calculate 鈭咹掳 for the conversion of MgCl to and Mg ( of = -641.6 kJ/mol).
(d) Is MgCl favoured energetically relative to ? Explain.
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