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Chapter 16: Q16.9 P (page 728)
Give two reasons to measure initialrates in a kinetic study.
The answer is,
1) To calculate the overall rate of a reaction.
2) To calculate many other kinetic parameters.
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Although the depletion of stratospheric ozone threatens life on Earth today, its accumulation was one of the crucial processes that allowed life to develop in prehistoric times:
(a) Express the reaction rate in terms and
(b) At a given instant, the reaction rate in terms of is 2.17105 mol/L s. What is it in terms of?
Question:Many drugs decompose in blood by a first-order process.
(a) Two tablets of aspirin supply 0.60 g of the active compound. After 30 min, this compound reaches a maximum concentration of 2 mg/100 mL of blood. If the half-life for its breakdown is 90 min, what is its concentration (in mg/100 mL) 2.5 h after it reaches its maximum concentration?
(b) For the decomposition of an antibiotic in a person with a normal temperature ; for a person with a fever at , . If the person with the fever must take another pill when of the first pill has decomposed, how many hours should she wait to take a second pill? A third pill? (Assume the pill is effective immediately.)
(c) Calculate Ea for decomposition of the antibiotic in part (b).
The decomposition of NOBr is studied manometrically because the number of moles of gas changes; it cannot be studied colorimetrically because both NOBr and Br2 are reddish-brown:
Use the data below to answer the following:
(a) Determine the average rate over the entire experiment.
(b) Determine the average rate between 2.00 and 4.00 s.
(c) Use graphical methods to estimate the initial reaction rate.
(d) Use graphical methods to estimate the rate at 7.00 s.
(e) At what time does the instantaneous rate equal the average rate over the entire experiment?
Time (s) | [NOBr] (mol/L) |
0.00 | 0.0100 |
2.00 | 0.0071 |
4.00 | 0.0055 |
6.00 | 0.0045 |
8.00 | 0.0038 |
10.00 | 0.0033 |
Define reaction rate, assuming constant temperature and a closed reaction vessel, why does the rate change with time?
By what factor does the rate change in each of the following cases (assuming constant temperature)?
(a) A reaction is first order in reactant A, and [A] is doubled.
(b) A reaction is second order in reactant B, and [B] is halved.
(c) A reaction is second order in reactant C, and [C] is tripled.
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