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(a) A Br酶nsted-Lowry acid-base reaction proceeds in the net direction in which a stronger acid and stronger base form a weaker acid and weaker base. Explain

(b) The molecular scene at the right depicts an aqueous solution of two conjugate acid-base pairs: HA/A and HB/B. The base in the first pair is represented by red spheres and the base in the second pair by green spheres; solvent molecules are omitted for clarity. Which is the stronger acid? Stronger base? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) Strong acids and bases dissociate, whereas weak acids and bases dissociate only partially.

(b) is the stronger base and HB is the stronger acid

Step by step solution

01

Concept Introduction

The natural equilibrium between acids and alkalis in the organism; "the blood is slightly alkaline with a normal acid-base balance in the body" (physiology)

02

Which a stronger acid and stronger base form a weaker acid and weaker base. Explain

(a)

Weak acids and bases only partially dissociate, whereas strong acids and bases entirely dissociate. As a result, in a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction, the net direction is from strong acids and bases to weaker conjugates.

As a result, whereas weak acids and bases dissociate only partially.

03

Which is the stronger acid? Stronger base? Explain.

(b)

The net direction of a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction is from strong acids and bases to weaker conjugates, as shown in (a). The red spheres stand for A-.B- is represented by the green spheres. The HA and HB are the spheres with white spheres attached to them, respectively.

The reaction would look like,

HA+B-A-+HB

Remember that the net direction will be weak to strong. As a result, because weak acids and bases are consumed as reactants in the net reaction, there will be more of them created than strong acids and bases. To identify them, count the number of spheres in the beaker.

We can see that the beaker, A-and HB have less molecules.

As a result, the stronger base is A-, while the stronger acid is HB .

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Auto ionization occurs in methanol (CH3OH)and in ethylenediamine (NH2CH2CH2NH2).

(a) The auto ionization constant of methanol(Kmet)is 210- 17. What is [CH3O-]in pure (CH3OH)?

(b) The concentration ofNH2CH2CH2NH2in pure NH2CH2CH2NH2is210- 8M. What is the auto ionization constant of ethylenediamine(Ken)?

Nitrogen is discharged from wastewater treatment facilities into rivers and streams, usually as NH3and role="math" localid="1663321622328" NH4:
role="math" localid="1663321638309" NH3(aq) +H2O(l)NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)Kb= 1.76脳10- 5

One strategy for removing it is to raise the pH and 鈥渟trip鈥 the role="math" localid="1663321651423" NH3from solution by bubbling air through the water.

(a) At pH=7.00, what fraction of the total nitrogen in solution isrole="math" localid="1663321664485" NH3, de铿乶ed asrole="math" localid="1663321682077" [NH3]/(NH3+NH4+)

(b) What is the fraction at pH 10.00?

(c) Explain the basis of ammonia stripping.

In his acid-base studies, Arrhenius discovered an important fact involving reactions like the following:

KOH(aq) + HNO3(aq)n?NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)n?

(a) Complete the reactions and use the data for the individual ions in Appendix B to calculate eachHrn*

(b) Explain your results and use them to predict Hrn*forKOH(aq) + HCl(aq)?

Write theexpression for each of the following in water:

(a)CH3NH3+

(b)role="math" localid="1657022192179" HClO

(c)role="math" localid="1657022265078" H2S

The beakers below depict the aqueous dissociations of weak acids HA (blue and green) and HB (blue and yellow); solvent molecules are omitted for clarity. If the HA solution is0.50L, and the HB solution is 0.25L, and each particle representsmol, 铿乶d the Ka of each acid. Which acid, if either, is stronger?

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