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Chapter 2: Problem 29

Explain how dimensional analysis is used to solve problems.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Dimensional analysis is a technique used to solve problems involving unit conversions by analyzing the dimensions of given quantities and applying suitable conversion factors. First, identify the given and desired units and list appropriate conversion factors. Then, set up the conversion process as a fraction with given units in the numerator and desired units in the denominator. Multiply the fraction by the conversion factor(s), cancel out unwanted units, and perform calculations to obtain the final result. Finally, check that the resulting units and numerical value match the desired outcome and make sense in the problem context.

Step by step solution

01

Understand and list the given quantities and desired units

First, read and understand the problem statement to determine what quantities are given and what unit conversions are needed. Make a list of the given units and the desired units to be converted.
02

Identify conversion factors

Conversion factors are ratios between two different units that express the same quantity. For example, the conversion factor between inches and feet is 1 foot = 12 inches. Identify appropriate conversion factors that will allow you to convert the given units to the desired units.
03

Set up the conversion process

Write the given unit as a fraction with a numerator (top) containing the given unit and a denominator (bottom) containing the desired unit. Multiply this fraction by the conversion factor(s) needed to arrive at the desired unit. When setting up the conversion, the goal is to cancel out the unwanted units, leaving only the desired units.
04

Perform calculations

Multiply the numbers in the numerators, and then multiply the numbers in the denominators. After that, divide the product of the numerators by the product of the denominators to obtain the final result. Ensure that the final result has the desired units.
05

Check the result

Examine the result to ensure that the final units match the desired units. Additionally, check that the numerical value makes sense in the context of the problem. By following these steps, you will be able to use dimensional analysis to solve problems involving unit conversions. Remember to clearly label all units and use appropriate conversion factors to ensure accuracy in your calculations.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Unit Conversion
Unit conversion involves changing a quantity expressed in one set of units to another. This process is essential when dealing with various measurement systems, like converting inches to centimeters or gallons to liters. To start, it's important to know both the original unit and the unit you want to convert into. Understanding unit conversion ensures that calculations are accurate and can be universally understood.
  • Helps in expressing the same measure in different formats
  • Essential in scientific calculations to maintain consistency
  • Important for comparing different measurement systems
Successful unit conversion can avoid errors in interpreting data or scientific results, making it a crucial skill in mathematics and science.
Conversion Factors
Conversion factors are vital tools in unit conversion. They are the ratios that express how much one unit is worth in terms of another. For example, knowing that 1 meter equals 100 centimeters is a conversion factor.
  • Express the equivalency between two different units
  • Used as a multiplication factor to switch from one unit to another
  • Always equal to one respective value
Converting units involves multiplying the original measurement by the relevant conversion factor to get to the new measurement. Using conversion factors accurately ensures that you maintain the integrity of the given quantity during the conversion process.
Problem Solving Steps
To solve problems using dimensional analysis, follow a structured approach. This involves several clear steps. First, get a good grasp of what the problem is asking. Make sure to list the given quantities and identify the units that need conversion.
  • Understand the problem and the units involved
  • List the given quantities and required conversions
  • Select the correct conversion factors for the units
  • Set up the conversion accurately
Following these steps can make the problem less daunting, helping to break down complex problems into manageable parts. This methodology promotes thorough understanding and precision in finding the solution.
Mathematical Calculations
After setting up the problem with dimensional analysis, mathematical calculations are required to complete the unit conversion. These calculations involve multiplying and dividing numbers, as necessary, to simplify the expression into the desired units.
  • Multiply values in the numerators together
  • Multiply values in the denominators together
  • Divide the results from the numerators by those from the denominators
  • Ensure final answer is correct in terms of both value and unit
These steps ensure that every mathematical operation is clear, facilitating an accurate and reliable outcome. Checking the calculations for errors is also crucial in assessing if the numerical results are realistic and sensible in the problem's context.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Complete these problems in scientific notation. Round to the correct number of significant figures. a. \(\left(5.31 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{cm}\right) \times\left(2.46 \times 10^{5} \mathrm{cm}\right)\) b. \(\left(3.78 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{m}\right) \times\left(7.21 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{m}\right)\) c. \(\left(8.12 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{m}\right) \times\left(1.14 \times 10^{-5} \mathrm{m}\right)\) d. \(\left(9.33 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{mm}\right) \div\left(3.0 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{mm}\right)\) e. \(\left(4.42 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{kg}\right) \div\left(2.0 \times 10^{2} \mathrm{kg}\right)\) \(\mathrm{f}\left(6.42 \times 10^{-2} \mathrm{g}\right) \div\left(3.21 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{g}\right)\)

Which number will produce the same number when rounded to three significant figures: 3.456, 3.450, or 3.448?

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Apply Concepts A classmate converts 68 km to meters and gets 0.068 m as the answer. Explain why this answer is incorrect, and identify the likely source of the error

Perform the following calculations. Round the answers. a. 4.84\(m \div 2.4 \mathrm{s} \quad\) b. 60.2 \(\mathrm{m} \div 20.1 \mathrm{s} \quad\) c. 102.4 \(\mathrm{m} \div 51.2 \mathrm{s} \quad\) d. 168 \(\mathrm{m} \div 58 \mathrm{s}\)
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