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Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. It exists in various forms, such as kinetic energy (energy of motion) and potential energy (energy stored due to an object's position or configuration). The unit of energy is Joule (J).

Work is the measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved by a force. It is mathematically defined as the product of the force (F) acting on an object and the distance (d) the object is moved: W = F × d × cosθ, where θ is the angle between the force direction and the direction of motion. The unit of work is also Joule (J).

Energy and work are related because work is a way of transferring energy from one system to another. When a force does work on an object, the energy of that object changes. If the force causes the object's kinetic energy to increase or decrease, we say that work is done on the object. For example, think of a person pushing a car on a horizontal surface. The person is exerting force on the car, causing it to move a certain distance. The work done on the car is the product of the force exerted and the distance moved. This work causes the car's kinetic energy to increase. In this case, energy has been transferred from the person to the car, as they are doing work on it. In summary, energy and work are related because work is a process of transferring energy between systems. By doing work on an object, we can directly change its energy, whether that energy is stored as potential energy or is present as kinetic energy.