91Ó°ÊÓ

In an aqueous solution of HF, which compound acts as a Bronsted-Lowry acid and which is the Bronsted-Lowry base?

Both KOH and Ba(OH), are strong bases. Does this mean that solutions of the two compounds with the same molarity have the same capacity to accept hydrogen ions? Why or why not?

Identify the acids and bases in the following reactions: a. \(\mathrm{HCl}(a q)+\mathrm{NaOH}(a q) \rightarrow \mathrm{NaCl}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\ell)\) b. \(\mathrm{MgCO}_{3}(s)+2 \mathrm{HCl}(a q) \rightarrow\) \(\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\ell)\) c. \(2 \mathrm{NH}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q) \rightarrow\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}(a q)\)

Calcium hydroxide, also known as slaked lime, is the cheapest strong base available and is used in industrial processes in which low concentrations of base are required. Only 0.16 g of \(\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) dissolves in \(100 \mathrm{mL}\) of water at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} .\) What is the concentration of hydroxide ions in \(250 \mathrm{mL}\) of a solution containing the maximum amount of dissolved calcium hydroxide?

Trifluoroacetic acid, \(\mathrm{CF}_{3} \mathrm{COOH},\) is over \(10^{4}\) times as strong as acetic acid, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH} .\) Explain why.

Explain why pH values decrease as acidity increases.

Solution \(A\) is 100 times more acidic than solution B. What is the difference in the pH values of solution \(\mathrm{A}\) and solution B?

Liquid ammonia at a temperature of 223 K undergoes autoionization. The value of the equilibrium constant for the autoionization of ammonia is considerably less than that of water. Write an equation for the autoionization of ammonia and suggest a reason why the value of \(K\) for the process is less than that of water.

Calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) and \(\mathrm{pOH}\) of the following solutions: a. stomach acid in which \([\mathrm{HCl}]=0.155 \mathrm{M}\) b. \(0.00500 M \mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) c. a 2: 1 mixture of \(0.0125 M \mathrm{HCl}\) and \(0.0125 M \mathrm{NaOH}\) d. a 3: 1 mixture of \(0.0125 M \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\) and \(0.0125 \mathrm{MKOH}\)

Hydrogen chloride and water are molecular compounds, yet a solution of HCl dissolved in \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) is an excellent conductor of electricity. Explain why.