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Chapter 9: Problem 101

What is meant by fuel value?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: Fuel value refers to the amount of energy released when a specific quantity of fuel is completely combusted. It is typically expressed in units of energy per mass or volume, such as joules per gram (J/g) or mega-joules per liter (MJ/L). Understanding the fuel value of different fuels is essential in various industries, such as power generation, transportation, and heating, as it allows us to compare different fuels and determine which ones are more efficient for a given purpose. This helps in selecting the most appropriate fuel for a specific application, maximizing efficiency, and reducing environmental impacts.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Fuel Value

Fuel value refers to the amount of energy released when a specific quantity of fuel, usually a solid, liquid, or gas, is completely combusted. It is typically expressed in units of energy per mass or volume, such as joules per gram (J/g) or mega-joules per liter (MJ/L). This concept is crucial in fields like engineering, chemistry, and even daily life, as it allows us to compare different fuels and determine which ones are more efficient for a given purpose.
02

Importance of Fuel Value

Understanding the fuel value of different fuels is essential in various industries, such as power generation, transportation, and heating. It helps in selecting the most appropriate fuel for a specific application, maximizing efficiency, and reducing environmental impacts.
03

Factors Affecting Fuel Value

The fuel value of a substance depends on several factors, including its chemical composition, the presence of impurities, and the conditions under which combustion occurs. For example, chemical elements like carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur present in a fuel contribute to its fuel value. The more carbon and hydrogen present, the higher the fuel value, whereas the presence of sulfur reduces the fuel value.
04

Examples of Fuel Values

Here are a few examples of fuel values for common fuels: 1. Coal: Coal is a solid fuel with a fuel value that varies depending on its composition. Bituminous coal, for instance, has a fuel value of approximately 30 MJ/kg. 2. Petroleum: This is a liquid fuel with a fuel value of about 44 MJ/kg. 3. Natural Gas: Natural gas is a gaseous fuel, primarily consisting of methane, with a fuel value of approximately 55 MJ/kg. 4. Ethanol: A biofuel derived from plants, ethanol has a fuel value of around 27 MJ/kg.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Use a Born-Haber cycle to calculate the lattice energy of potassium chloride (KCl) from the following data: $$\begin{aligned} &\text { Ionization energy of } \mathrm{K}(g)=419 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\\\ &\text { Electron affinity of } \mathrm{Cl}(g)=-349 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\\\ &\text { Energy to sublime } \mathrm{K}(s)=89 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\\\ &\text { Bond energy of } \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g)=243 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \end{aligned}$$ Standard heat of formation of \(\mathrm{KCl}=-436.5 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\)

Breaking the small pouch of water inside a chemical cold pack containing ammonium nitrate activates the pack, which is used by sports trainers for injured athletes. What is the sign of \(\Delta H\) for the process taking place in the cold pack?

Calculate the lattice energy of sodium oxide \(\left(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}\right)\) from the following data: Ionization energy of \(\mathrm{Na}(g)=495 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Electron affinity of \(\mathrm{O}(g)\) for 2 electrons \(=603 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Energy to sublime \(\mathrm{Na}(s)=109 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) Bond energy of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}(g)=498 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\) \(\Delta H_{\mathrm{rxn}}\) for \(2 \mathrm{Na}(s)+\frac{1}{2} \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{O}(s)=-416 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol}\)

Use the following data to sketch a heating curve for one mole of methanol. Start the curve at \(-100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and end it at \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). $$\begin{array}{ll}\hline \text { Boiling point } & 65^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\\\\hline \text { Melting point } & -94^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\\\\hline \text { Heat of vaporization } & 35.3 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \\\\\hline \text { Heat of fusion }\left(\Delta \mathrm{H}_{\text {fus }}\right) & 3.18 \mathrm{kJ} / \mathrm{mol} \\\\\hline \text { Molar heat capacity }(\ell) & 81.1 \mathrm{J} /\left(\mathrm{mol} \cdot^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right) \\\\\hline \text { Molar heat capacity }(g) & 43.9 \mathrm{J} /\left(\mathrm{mol} \cdot^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right) \\\\\hline \text { Molar heat capacity }(\mathrm{s}) & 48.7 \mathrm{J} /\left(\mathrm{mol} \cdot^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right) \\\\\hline\end{array}$$

During a strenuous workout, an athlete generates \(233 \mathrm{kJ}\) of thermal energy. What mass of water would have to evaporate from the athlete's skin to dissipate this energy?
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