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Chapter 11: Problem 13

A dilute solution is separated from a more concentrated solution containing the same solvent by a semipermeable membrane. In which direction does the solvent tend to flow across the membrane, and why?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The solvent flows from the dilute solution side to the more concentrated solution side across the semipermeable membrane. This occurs due to the process of osmosis to equalize the solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane and achieve a state of equilibrium.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the process of osmosis

Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane. This process occurs to equalize the solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane and achieve a state of equilibrium.
02

Determine the solute concentrations of the two solutions

The dilute solution has a lower solute concentration compared to the more concentrated solution. Since the solvents in both solutions are the same, the only difference between them is the solute concentration.
03

Apply the concept of osmosis to the given situation

According to the principle of osmosis, the solvent will flow from the region of lower solute concentration (the dilute solution) to the region of higher solute concentration (the more concentrated solution) through the semipermeable membrane. This movement of the solvent will continue until the solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane equalize.
04

Explain the reason for solvent flow direction

The reason for this movement of the solvent is to achieve a state of equilibrium. As the solvent flows from the dilute solution to the more concentrated solution, the solute concentration on both sides of the membrane gradually equalizes. Once equilibrium is achieved, there is no net movement of the solvent across the membrane.
05

State the direction of solvent flow across the membrane

Based on the understanding of osmosis, the solvent tends to flow from the dilute solution side to the more concentrated solution side across the semipermeable membrane. This flow occurs to equalize the solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane and achieve a state of equilibrium.

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