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Chapter 11: Problem 12

A pure solvent is separated from a solution containing the same solvent by a semipermeable membrane. In which direction does the solvent flow across the membrane, and why?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The solvent will flow from the pure solvent side to the solution side due to the process of osmosis. This occurs because the system strives to achieve equilibrium by equalizing the solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane.

Step by step solution

01

Understand osmosis

Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules (such as water) across a semipermeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration. The semipermeable membrane allows solvent molecules to pass through it, but it prevents the solute molecules from doing so.
02

Compare solute concentrations

In this problem, we have a pure solvent on one side of the membrane and a solution with a solute on the other side. The solute concentration on the solution side is higher compared to the pure solvent side, where the solute concentration is zero.
03

Determine the direction of solvent flow

According to the principle of osmosis, the solvent will flow from the region of lower solute concentration to the region of higher solute concentration in an attempt to achieve equilibrium between the two sides. In this case, the solvent will flow from the pure solvent side to the solution side.
04

Explain the reason for solvent flow

The reason for the solvent flow is the difference in solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane. The system aims to achieve equilibrium, which is achieved when the solute concentrations on both sides become equal. By flowing from the pure solvent side to the solution side, the solvent dilutes the solution, gradually reducing the solute concentration in the solution side until equilibrium is reached.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Calculate the molality of each of the following solutions: a. 0.875 mol of glucose \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}\right)\) in \(1.5 \mathrm{kg}\) of water b. 11.5 mmol of acctic acid \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\right)\) in \(65 \mathrm{g}\) of water c. 0.325 mol of baking soda \(\left(\mathrm{NaHCO}_{3}\right)\) in \(290.0 \mathrm{g}\) of water

The following pairs of aqueous solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane. In which direction will the solvent flow? a. \(A=0.48 M N_{a} C l ; B=55.85 \mathrm{g}\) of \(N a C 1\) dissolved in \(1.00 \mathrm{L}\) of solution b. \(A=100 \mathrm{mL}\) of \(0.982 M \mathrm{CaCl}_{2} ; \mathrm{B}=16 \mathrm{g}\) of \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) in \(100 \mathrm{mL}\) of solution c. \(A=100 \mathrm{mL}\) of \(6.56 \mathrm{mM} \mathrm{MgSO}_{4} ; \mathrm{B}=5.24 \mathrm{g}\) of \(\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}\) in \(250 \mathrm{mL}\) of solution

After \(100.0 \mathrm{mL}\), of a solution of physiological saline \((0.90 \%\) NaCl by mass) is diluted by the addition of \(250.0 \mathrm{mL}\) of water, what is the osmotic pressure of the final solution at \(37^{*} \mathrm{C} ?\) Assume that \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) dissociates completely into \(\mathrm{Na}^{+}(a q)\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}^{+}(a q)\).

Generally speaking, how is the vapor pressure of a liquid affected by the strength of intermolecular forces?

Which aqueous solution has the highest boiling point: \(0.5 \mathrm{m}\) glucose, \(0.5 \mathrm{m} \mathrm{NaCl},\) or \(0.5 \mathrm{m} \mathrm{CaCl}_{2} ?\)
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