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Chapter 27: Problem 10

Is the strength of intermolecular forces determined by the bond strengths within the individual molecules? Explain your reasoning.

Short Answer

Expert verified
No, the strength of intermolecular forces is not necessarily determined by the bond strengths within the individual molecules. The two are independent of each other. While bond strength refers to the energy needed to break a bond within a molecule, intermolecular forces refer to the forces of attraction between molecules. Therefore, substances can have strong molecular bonds but weak intermolecular forces (and vice versa).

Step by step solution

01

Define Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces are forces of attraction that hold molecules together. They include forces such as dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonding, and dispersion forces.
02

Define Bond Strength

Bond strength refers to the amount of energy required to break a bond between two atoms. This exists within a molecule and is determined by factors such as the types of atoms involved and the nature of the bond, that is, whether it's a single bond, double bond, or triple bond.
03

Correlating Intermolecular Forces with Bond Strength

The strength of intermolecular forces is not necessarily directly related to the strength of the bonds within the molecules. Molecules with very strong bonds can have weak intermolecular forces, and vice versa. This is because intermolecular forces are about attractions between molecules, while bond strength deals with forces within a single molecule. A simple example is that of molecular hydrogen (\(H_2\)) and water (\(H_2O\)). Hydrogen has a stronger bond within its molecule but weaker intermolecular forces. Conversely, water has weaker bonds but stronger intermolecular forces due to hydrogen bonding.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In the alkanes: a) what type(s) of intermolecular force is (are) present? b) what is the strongest intermolecular force present?

In the ketones: a) what type(s) of intermolecular force is (are) present? b) what is the strongest intermolecular force present?

For each type of compound below, indicate how the boiling point changes as the molecular weight of the compound increases: a) alkane b) ketone c) \(\quad\) alcohol

On average, are the intermolecular forces stronger in \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\boldsymbol{\ell})\) or in \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(\mathrm{g})\) ? Explain.

Rank these intermolecular forces in terms of their typical relative strengths: hydrogen bonding; dipole-dipole; induced dipole-induced dipole.
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