91Ó°ÊÓ

Explain why carbon is able to form so many more compounds than any other element.

Why was Wöhler's synthesis of urea so important for the development of organic chemistry?

What are aromatic organic compounds? What are aliphatic organic compounds?

What are functional groups? Why is it logical and useful to classify organic compounds according to their functional groups?

Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following functional groups: alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, amine.

Name the classes to which the following compounds belong: (a) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{9} \mathrm{OH}\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{CHO}\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{COOH}\) (d) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\)

Draw structures for molecules with the following formulas: (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{4} \mathrm{O}\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) (d) \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}\)

Write structural formulas for each of the following based on their systematic names. The names quoted in parentheses are so-called common names. Common names are not systematic and are more difficult, sometimes impossible, to connect with a unique structure. (a) 2,2,4 -Trimethylpentane ("isooctane") (b) 3-Methyl-1-butanol ("isoamyl alcohol") (c) Hexanamide ("caproamide") (d) 2,2,2 -Trichloroethanal ("chloral")

Write structural formulas for each of the following: (a) 3,3 -Dimethyl-2-butanone ("pinacolone") (b) 3-Hydroxybutanal ("acetaldol") (c) Ethyl pentanoate ("ethyl valerate") (d) 6-Methyl-2-heptanamine ("isooctylamine")

Write structural formulas for the following organic compounds: (a) 3 -methylhexane, (b) 2,3 -dimethylpentane, (c) 2 -bromo-4-phenylpentane, (d) 3,4,5 -trimethyloctane.