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Why is the distinction between paid-in capital and retained earnings important?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Paid in capital reflects investments made by equity holders, while retained earnings reflect the balance of profits in the business.

Step by step solution

01

Definition of Retained Earnings

An organization's retained earnings are the profits left over after they have deducted their direct expenses, indirect expenses, income taxes, and dividends to shareholders.

02

Distinction between Paid-In Capital and Retained Earnings

The legal right to declare dividends out of retained earnings is available in all states, but out of paid-in capital is not allowed in many states. A corporation's continued existence and growth are determined by its earnings, which are viewed by management, shareholders, and others. In comparison, paid-in capital shows the value of the investment made by the investor in the company. Retained earnings are determined to measure the profit remains for the year; on the other hand, paid-up capital is used to measure a company's capital valuation.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(Stock Split and Stock Dividend) The common stock of Alexander Hamilton Inc. is currently selling at \(120 per share. The directors wish to reduce the share price and increase share volume prior to a new issue. The per share par value is \)10; book value is $70 per share. Nine million shares are issued and outstanding.

Instructions

Prepare the necessary journal entries assuming the following

  1. The board votes a 2-for-1 stock split.
  2. The board votes a 100% stock dividend.
  3. Briefly discuss the accounting and securities market differences between these two methods of increasing the number of shares outstanding.

Twenty-five thousand shares reacquired by Elixir Corporation for \(53 per share were exchanged for undeveloped land that has an appraised value of \)1,700,000. At the time of the exchange, the common stock was trading at $62 per share on an organized exchange.

Instructions

a) Prepare the journal entry to record the acquisition of land assuming that the purchase of the stock was originally recorded using the cost method.

b) Briefly identify the possible alternatives (including those that are totally unacceptable) for quantifying the cost of the land and briefly support your choice.

What is meant by par value, and what is its significance to stockholders?

Dave Matthew Inc. issues 500 shares of \(10 par value common stock and 100 shares of \)100 par value preferred stock for a lump sum of \(100,000.

Instructions

a) Prepare the journal entry for the issuance when the market price of the common shares is \)165 each and the market price of the preferred is \(230 each. (Round to the nearest dollar.)

b) Prepare the journal entry for the issuance when only the market price of the common stock is known and it is \)170 per share.

Washington Company has the following stockholders’ equity accounts at December 31, 2017.

Common Stock (\(100 par value, authorized 8,000 shares) \)480,000

Retained Earnings 294,000

Instructions

a. Prepare entries in journal form to record the following transactions, which took place during 2018.

1. 280 shares of outstanding stock were purchased at \(97 per share. (These are to be accounted for using the cost method.)

2. A \)20 per share cash dividend was declared.

3. The dividend declared in (2) above was paid.

4. The treasury shares purchased in (1) above were resold at \(102 per share.

5. 500 shares of outstanding stock were purchased at \)105 per share.

6. 350 of the shares purchased in (5) above were resold at \(96 per share.

b.Prepare the stockholders’ equity section of Washington Company’s balance sheet after giving effect to these transactions, assuming that the net income for 2018 was \)94,000. State law requires restriction of retained earnings for the amount of treasury stock.

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