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What are the five components of internal control? Briefly explain each component.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The five components of the internal control are:

  1. Control Procedure
  2. Risk Assessment
  3. Information System
  4. Monitoring of controls
  5. Environment

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Internal Control

Internal control refers to an organization's rules or procedures to prevent fraud, safeguard assets, and promote operational efficiency.

02

Five components of internal control

1. Control Procedures:

Control procedures are framed to achieve the goals of the business entity.

2. Risk Assessment:

Every business organization must assess the risks in their business because they may affect the business position. If the business risks are higher, then the entity needs to control more to safeguard its assets and prevent fraud.

3. Information System:

As in a business, some people have the authority to use the accounting information system, so there should be more control to protect the business's assets to approve and cross-check all the transactions.

4. Monitoring of Controls:

There are two persons, internal and external auditors, to monitor the company's control. The internal auditor ensures that the company is following all the legal requirements or not. In contrast, an external auditor is an outside person to ensure that the company's financial statements are made according to GAAP.

5. Environment:

The environment of an organization is essential as it depends on the top-level management. If they work ethically and have good behavior with the employees, following all the rules, then it can also motivate the employess to follow all the rules and guidelines.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Preparing a bank reconciliation and journal entries

The May cash records of Donald Insurance follow:

Cash Receipts Cash Payments

Date Cash Debit Check No. Cash Credit

May 4 \( 4,230 1416 \) 890

9 520 1417 120

14 530 1418 630

17 1,950 1419 1,090

31 1,840 1420 1,420

1421 900

1422 670

Donald’s Cash account shows a balance of \(17,750 at May 31. On May 31, Donald

Insurance received the following bank statement:

Deposits and other Credits:

May 10

May 1

May 5

May 15

May 18

May 22

Checks and other Debits:

8

11 (check no. 1416)

19

22 (check no. 1417)

29 (check no. 1418)

31 (check no. 1419)

May

May

May

May

May

May

May 31

Ending Balance

Beginning Balance

EFT \) 450

NSF

EFT

BC

\( 18,730

1,700

890

1,100

120

520

4,230

530

1,950

\) 14,400

9,380

375

630

1,900

35 (5,050)

Bank Statement for May

SC

Explanations: BC–bank collection; EFT–electronic funds transfer;

NSF–nonsufficient funds checks; SC–service charge

Additional data for the bank reconciliation follow:

a. The EFT credit was a receipt of rent. The EFT debit was an insurance

payment.

b. The NSF check was received from a customer.

c. The \(1,700 bank collection was for a note receivable.

d. The correct amount of check 1419, for rent expense, is \)1,900. Donald’s controller

mistakenly recorded the check for $1,090.

Requirements

1. Prepare the bank reconciliation of Donald Insurance at May 31, 2018.

2. Journalize any required entries from the bank reconciliation

Identifying internal control weakness in cash receipts

Pendley Productions makes all sales on credit. Cash receipts arrive by mail. Larry

Chipello, the mailroom clerk, opens envelopes and separates the checks from the

accompanying remittance advices. Chipello forwards the checks to another employee,

who makes the daily bank deposit but has no access to the accounting records.

Chipello sends the remittance advices, which show cash received, to the accounting

department for entry in the accounts. Chipello’s only other duty is to grant sales

allowances to customers. (A sales allowancedecreases the customer’s account receivable.)

When Chipello receives a customer check for \(575 less a \)45 allowance, he records the

sales allowance and forwards the document to the accounting department.

Requirements

1. Identify the internal control weakness in this situation.

2. Who should record sales allowances?

3. What is the amount that should be shown in the ledger for cash receipts?

What are the controls needed to secure the petty cash fund?

The following petty cash transactions of Green Golf Equipment occurred in May:

May 1 Established a petty cash fund with a \(200 balance.

31 The petty cash fund has \)18 in cash and \(180 in petty cash tickets that were issued to pay for Office Supplies(\)81), Delivery Expense (\(36), Postage Expense (\)54), and Miscellaneous Expense ($9).

The petty cash custodianreplenished the fund and recorded the expenses.

Prepare the journal entries.

Question: How does the Sarbanes-Oxley Act relate to internal controls?

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