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Chapter 23: Problem 4

Which level of spinal cord is predominantly affected in patients with HAM/TSP? a. cervical level b. thoracic level c. lumbar level

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: b. thoracic level

Step by step solution

01

Understand HAM/TSP

HAM/TSP is a neurological disorder caused by the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). It is characterized by progressive weakness and spasticity in the lower limbs, leading to difficulty walking and eventually paralysis. The disorder mainly affects the spinal cord and can cause damage at different levels.
02

Analyze cervical level

The cervical level of the spinal cord is located in the neck region and is responsible for controlling the muscles in the head, neck, diaphragm, and upper limbs. Although HAM/TSP can cause damage at this level, it is not the most predominant area affected by the disorder.
03

Analyze thoracic level

The thoracic level of the spinal cord is located in the chest region and is responsible for controlling the muscles in the chest, back, and parts of the abdomen. This is the level of the spinal cord that is predominantly affected in patients with HAM/TSP, leading to symptoms such as difficulty walking and lower limb paralysis.
04

Analyze lumbar level

The lumbar level of the spinal cord is located in the lower back and is responsible for controlling the muscles in the lower abdomen, hips, and lower limbs. HAM/TSP can cause damage at this level as well. However, it is less commonly affected than the thoracic level.
05

Select the answer

Based on the analysis of each level of the spinal cord, it is clear that the thoracic level is predominantly affected in patients with HAM/TSP. Therefore, the correct answer is: b. thoracic level

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What type of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is regarded as the higher risk factor associated with HAM/TSP? a. HLA-A*02(+) b. HLA-Cw=08( \(+)\) c. HLA-DRB1*0101(+)

Which inflammatory disease is shown to be associated with HAM/TSP? a. Sjogren syndrome b. Atopic dermatitis c. Crohn's disease

Which part is mostly degenerated in spinal cord in patients with HAM/TSP? a. Anterior column b. Lateral column c. Posterior column

Which cytokine is mostly detected at degenerated spinal cord in HAM/TSP? a. TNF-alpha b. IL-1 beta c. IFN-gamma

Which is characteristically detected in \(T\) cells of patients with HAM/TSP? a. Spontaneous lymphoproliferation b. Down-regulation of the ratio of CD4/CD8 c. Eruption of the "flower cells"
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