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Chapter 15: Problem 1

Discuss the common points of control in eukaryotic gene regulation.

Short Answer

Expert verified
In eukaryotic gene regulation, the common points of control include transcription, RNA processing, RNA transport and degradation, translation, and protein processing and degradation.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the points of control

Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated at many stages. This includes: transcription, RNA processing, RNA transport and degradation, translation, and protein processing and degradation.
02

Understand each point of control: Transcription

Transcription is the first and most common point of control. This involves DNA unwinding, binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region, and initiation of transcription. Regulation at this level can be achieved through transcription factors which bind to DNA and either activate or repress transcription.
03

Understand each point of control: RNA processing

After transcription, pre-mRNA undergoes several modifications before it becomes mature mRNA such as capping, splicing, and polyadenylation. This process can be regulated to control gene expression.
04

Understand each point of control: RNA transport and degradation

The mature mRNA is then transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The rate of mRNA degradation in the cytoplasm can also affect gene expression.
05

Understand each point of control: Translation

At the translation stage, mRNA is used as a template to produce proteins. Regulation can occur through initiation factors which control the rate of protein synthesis.
06

Understand each point of control: Protein processing and degradation

After translation, proteins undergo several modifications and are subject to degradation. The rate of these modifications and degradation can influence the amount of functional protein.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The binding of a small effector molecule, protein-protein interactions, and covalent modifications are three common ways to modulate the activities of transcription factors. Which of these three mechanisms are used by steroid receptors and by the CREB protein?

Histones are thought to be displaced as RNA polymerase is transcribing a gene. What would be the potentially harmful consequences if histones were not put back onto a gene after RNA polymerase had passed?

What is meant by the term histone code? With regard to gene regulation, what is the proposed role of the histone code?

Let's suppose a mutation in the glucocorticoid receptor does not prevent the binding of the glucocorticoid hormone to the protein but prevents the ability of the receptor to activate transcription. Make a list of all the possible defects that may explain why transcription cannot be activated.

What is a nucleosome-free region? Where are such regions typically found in a genome? How are nucleosome-free regions thought to be functionally important?
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