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Chapter 12: Problem 13

Describe the movement of the open complex along the DNA.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The open complex which is formed by RNA polymerase binds to the DNA, causing it to unwind. As the RNA polymerase synthesizes the RNA, it moves along the DNA from the 3' end to the 5' end. After transcription, when a termination sequence on DNA is reached, the RNA polymerase detaches and the newly formed RNA molecule is released.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Open Complex

In the context of transcription, an open complex is the structure formed by RNA polymerase when it binds to the promoter region of DNA. This attachment causes the DNA to unwind and separate into two strands, allowing one strand to be used as a template for generating the RNA transcript.
02

Initiation of Transcription

After the formation of the open complex, the RNA polymerase starts synthesizing RNA. This is known as the initiation phase of transcription. As the RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the growing RNA chain, it moves, or 'translocates,' along the DNA.
03

Translocation of the Open Complex

The RNA polymerase continues to move along the DNA strand in the 3' to 5' direction, using the DNA as a guide for synthesizing an RNA molecule, which grows in the 5' to 3' direction. As the polymerase moves, it continues to unwind the DNA, adding RNA nucleotides to the 3' end of the RNA molecule, and re-zipping the DNA back together.
04

Termination of Transcription

The translocation and synthesis of the RNA continues until a termination sequence is reached on the DNA template. The RNA polymerase detaches from the DNA, and the newly created RNA molecule is released, thereby ending the transcription process.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What is the consensus sequence of the following six DNA sequences? GGCATTGACT GCCATTGTCA CGCATAGTCA GGAAATGGGA GGCTTTGTCA GGCATAGTCA

What is the meaning of the term consensus sequence? Give an example. Describe the locations of consensus sequences within bacterial promoters. What are their functions?

A eukaryotic protein-encoding gene contains two introns and three exons: exon 1-intron 1-exon 2-intron 2-exon 3. The 5' splice site at the boundary between exon 2 and intron 2 has been eliminated by a small deletion in the gene. Describe how the pre-mRNA encoded by this mutant gene will be spliced. Indicate which introns and exons will be found in the mRNA after splicing occurs.

What sequence elements are found within the core promoter of protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes? Describe their locations and specific functions.

Figure \(12.21\) shows the products of alternative splicing for the \(\alpha\)-tropomyosin pre-mRNA. Let's suppose that smooth muscle cells produce splicing factors that are not produced in other cell types. Explain where you think such splicing factors bind and how they influence the splicing of the \(\alpha\)-tropomyosin pre-mRNA.
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