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Chapter 27: Q10CP (page 995)
Why is proofreading necessary during aminoacylation?
Proofreading is necessary during aminoacylation as it increases the accuracy of the amino acids attached to the tRNA.
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EF-Tu binds all aminoacyl鈥搕RNAs with approximately equal a铿僴ity so that it can deliver them to the ribosome with the same e铿僣iency. Based on the experimentally determined binding constants for EF-Tu and correctly charged and mischarged aminoacyl鈥搕RNAs (see table), explain how the tRNA鈥揈F-Tu recognition system could prevent the incorporation of the wrong amino acid during translation.
础尘颈苍辞补肠测濒鈥搕搁狈础 | Dissociation Constant (nM) |
础濒补鈥搕搁狈础Ala | 6.2 |
骋濒苍鈥搕搁狈础Ala | 0.05 |
骋濒苍鈥搕搁狈础Gln | 4.4 |
础濒补鈥搕搁狈础Gln | 260 |
The enzyme thiouridylase converts certain tRNA uridine residues to 2-thiouridine. Draw the structure of this modified nucleotide.
Describe the major structural features of tRNA.
Could a single nucleotide deletion restore the function of a protein-coding gene interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence? Explain.
One cause of the neurodegenerative disease amyotropic, lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the expansion of the repeating hexanucleotide sequence GGGGCC in the noncoding region of a gene. By unknown mechanisms, the repeating sequence is translated to generate neurotoxic peptides. Predict the sequences of the possible repeating dipeptides.
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