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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a type of genetic material that transmits genetic information from one cell to the next and from one generation to the next. In a cell, DNA directs, governs, and regulates protein synthesis.

DNA consists of deoxyribose sugar.

It has a double-stranded helical structure.

It comprises nucleotides having the phosphate group, nitrogenous bases, and deoxyribose sugar.

The DNA consists of base purine that is adenine, guanine, and pyrimidine molecules are thymine and cytosine.

The DNA has minor and major grooves that are required for the attachment of several proteins.

RNA consists of the ribose sugar.

It is a single-stranded structure.

The RNA comprises the nucleoside, thawhichcks phosphate group.

The RNA lacks thymine. Instead of thymine, uracil is present.

RNA does not have any special grooves.

Thus, the genetic components of the cell are deoxyribonucleic (DNA) and ribonucleic (RNA) acids. These are the hereditary molecules that regulate all of the cell's operations.