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Organic molecules have functional groups that determine their characteristics and chemical reactions. They refer to a particular set of atoms or bonds in a chemical that have distinct features.

The reactive portions of molecules that have been functionalized with these specific groups are known as functional groups. Carbonyls,$(C=O)$ amines$(−N{H}_2)$, Alcohols ,$(−OH)$ carboxylic acids,$(−COOH)$ and esters are the most frequent functional groups$(−COOR)$. Their charge and polarity are used to categorise them.

A)Thiol group (Sulfhydryl group):This group is made up of . It is similar to the alcohol group, but it has a different flavour.Instead of oxygen, a sulphur atom is used.

B)Carbonyl group:The carbonyl group is made up of atoms. Aldehydes with ketones form a polar functional group.

C) Amide linkage: This group consists of a single bond between the carbonyl and amine groups.

D) Phosphoanhydride linkage:Phosphoanhydride linkage is made up of phosphate bonds that connect phosphate groups together in the same way as ATP. It is also called as High-energy bonds.

E) Phosphoryl group:The phosphoryl group is made up of the letters. It entails the formation of a connection between two phosphate bonds.

F) Hydroxyl group: The hydroxyl group is made up of the letters. They are predominantly hydrogen-bonding and rapidly establish hydrogen bonds. It includes Alcohols and sugars.

Therefore, the functional groups and their linkages such as Thiol group, Carbonyl group, Amide linkage, Phosphoanhydride linkage, Phosphoryl group, Hydroxyl group has been explained.