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Glycolysis is a reaction in which one molecule of glucose is transformed into two molecules of pyruvate through a series of ten enzyme-catalyzed events. The net generation of 2 ATP and the reduction of 2 NAD⁺ to 2 NADH occurs throughout this phase.

The following is the overall equation for the glycolysis process in the presence of phosphate:

骋濒耻肠辞蝉别+2狈础顿鈦�+2础顿笔+2笔颈鈫�2笔测谤耻惫补迟别+2狈础顿贬+2础罢笔+2贬鈧侽

When arsenate substitutes inorganic phosphate during the energy production step of glycolysis,1-arseno-3-phosphoglycerate is formed instead of 1, 3-biphosphoglycerate. Hydrolysis of 1-arseno-3-phosphoglycerate is difficult and dangerous. The high energy link breaks before the arsenate-containing molecule can diffuse to the next enzyme due to its high susceptibility to hydrolysis in water. The product 3-phosphoglycerate is generally formed in step 7 by the activity of phosphoglycerate kinase from the hydrolysis.

The following is the overall response for the glycolysis process in the presence of arsenate:

骋濒耻肠辞蝉别+2狈础顿鈦�+2础顿笔+2础蝉翱鈧劼斥伝鈫�2笔测谤耻惫补迟别+2狈础顿贬+2础顿笔-础蝉翱鈧兟测伝+2贬鈧侽

2础顿笔-础厂翱鈧兟测伝+2贬鈧侽鈫�2础顿笔+础蝉翱鈧劼斥伝

Overall Product-Glucose+2NAD鈦衡啋2Pyruvate+2NADH

Non-enzymatic hydrolysis occurs in glycolysis, and the energy released by breaking the high-energy bond cannot be used to produce ATP. Thus, arsenate loses metabolic energy by uncoupling numerous phosphate-transfer processes through this pathway, which is the source of toxicity.