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Chapter 11: Q2. (page 327)

Describe how different enzymes are classified and named?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The different enzymes are generally classified on the basis of the nature of the chemical reactions they catalyze.

Step by step solution

01

Enzymes

Enzymes are the biological catalysts responsible for accelerating the rate of any biochemical reaction.

02

Classification of enzymes

International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) has adopted a scheme for the systematic functional classification and nomenclature of enzymes.

According to IUBMB, enzymes are classified into six classes based on the type of reaction they catalyze.They are as follows:

  1. Oxidoreductases
  2. Transferases
  3. Hydrolases
  4. Lyases
  5. Isomerases
  6. Ligases
03

Explanation of nomenclature

In the systematic naming of enzymes, the name of the substrate is followed by a suffix 鈥揳se to the reaction that the enzyme catalyzes.

For example, Pyruvate dehydrogenase is the enzyme used for catalyzing the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. Here, pyruvate is the substrate, and the suffix -ase is added to the name of the reaction it catalyzes (dehydrogenation).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What factors influence an enzyme鈥檚 substrate specificity?

The covalent catalytic mechanism of an enzyme depends on a single active site Cys whose pK is 8. A mutation in a nearby residue alters the microenvironment so that this pK increases to 10. Would the mutation cause the reaction rate to increase or decrease? Explain.

Draw a transition state diagram of (a) a non-enzymatic reaction and the corresponding enzyme-catalysed reaction in which (b) S binds loosely to the enzyme and (c) S binds very tightly to the enzyme. Compare 螖G鈥� for each case. Why is tight binding of S not advantageous?

What feature of RNA would allow it to function as a ribozyme? Why are there no naturally occurring DNA enzymes?

On the free energy diagram shown, label the intermediate(s) and transition state(s). Is the reaction thermodynamically favorable?
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