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The atoms are the tiny particles that interact and join together to form molecules. These molecules further interact to form complex molecules and compounds. The process continues while moving up the hierarchy level. Interaction between atoms and molecules is crucial for sustenance.

The atoms and molecules join or break to form new substances. They are joined when two atoms form a particular linkage or bridge known as chemical bonds. The bonds are formed due to sharing, losing, or gaining of electrons present in the atom.

The electrons shared between the two atoms can sometimes be more inclined toward one atom. The property of gaining or attracting more electrons due to a strong negative charge on the atom is termed electronegativity. Among all the elements, fluorine is the most electronegative.

The electronegativity is more in the atoms when they need one or two atoms to complete their valence shell and achieve stability. An example is the oxygen atom, which is the second most electronegative atom and needs two more electrons to fill its valence shell.

Water molecule is an essential molecule needed for the survival of almost every living organism. It is formed by the covalent bonding between two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Oxygen is the electronegative atom, while hydrogen is the less electronegative atom.

Electronegativity tends to attract the shared electrons toward itself, and thus, oxygen pulls the electrons closer. Due to this, the electron density is more around the oxygen resulting in the polarity of the water molecules. The polarity causes the molecules to interact, which alters the shape of the molecules.