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Chapter 3: Q4ITD (page 44)

(a) Referring to the equations in Figure 3.12, determine which step of the process is measured in this experiment. (b) Are the results of this experiment consistent with the hypothesis that increased atmospheric [CO2] will slow the growth of coral reefs? Why or why not?

Short Answer

Expert verified

a) The final step of the given figure is calculated in the experiment.

b) The results of the hypothesis and experiment are similar and negatively impact coral reef growth.

Step by step solution

01

Anthropogenic action of carbon dioxide

Increased human activities or anthropogenic activities release more amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere enters the ocean through various consecutive reactions and forms calcium carbonate.

02

Explanation for part ‘(a)’

The process in the given figure shows the conversion of carbon dioxide into calcium carbonate in the ocean. The conversion rate of carbonate ions and calcium ions into calcium carbonate, which is the final step,is estimated in the experiment.

03

Explanation for part ‘(b)’

Yes, the interpretation from the hypothesis shows that coral reef growth can reduce because of the rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. More bicarbonate ions will be produced due to the more influx of carbon dioxide. It will reduce the amount of carbonate ions available for the synthesis of calcium carbonate.

In the experimental graph, the calcification rate will decrease with the decreasing carbonate ion concentration.It can be seen as a similar amount of calcium carbonate is accumulated in 2.5 days and 1.6 days in different situations.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A slice of pizza has 500 kcal. If we could burn the pizza and use all the heat to warm a 50-L container of cold water, what would be the approximate increase in the temperature of the water? (Note: A liter of cold-water weighs about 1 kg.)

(A) 50掳C

(B) 5掳C

(C) 100掳C

(D) 10掳C

a) If the seawater carbonate ion concentration is 270 碌mol/kg, what is the approximate rate of calcification, and approximately how many days would it take 1 square meter of reef to accumulate 30 mmol of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)? (b) If the seawater carbonate ion concentration is 250 碌mol/kg, what is the approximate rate of calcification, and approximately how many days would it take 1 square meter of reef to accumulate 30 mmol of calcium carbonate? (c) If carbonate ion concentration decreases, how does the calcification rate change, and how does that affect the time it takes coral to grow?

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Look at Figure 3.2 and explain why the central water molecule can create a hydrogen bond with four (rather than three or five) other water molecules.

In agricultural areas, farmers pay close attention to the weather forecast. Right before a predicted overnight freeze, farmers spray water on crops to protect the plants. Use the properties of water to explain how this method works. Be sure to mention why hydrogen bonds are responsible for this phenomenon.
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