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Genes are basic hereditary segments present in the DNA. The proper expression of the genome is necessary for the effective functioning of the body's metabolism. Genes are converted into protein, for which proper loading of gene dosage is necessary.

The quantity of gene products expressed by the cell is known as gene dosage. It can change due to the insertions or deletions in the entire genome, leading to copy number variations.

The variation in the number of copies of a gene happens in different organisms. The drastic change in gene dosage is the basis for certain types of disease.

X chromosomes inactivation and genome imprinting are the processes responsible for establishing gene dosage. The X chromosome is the same in males and females, but it is maintained in males due to the X chromosome inactivation.

X chromosomes present in the cells other than egg cells are inactivated randomly or permanently.

Genomic imprinting determines the gene's ability that is passed from the parents to the offspring. Usually, the inheritance of the gene happens from the mother. With the help of genomic imprinting, one allele gets expressed phenotypically.