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Chapter 15: Q15.5-3CC (page 311)

Mitochondrial genes are critical to the energy metabolism of cells, but mitochondrial disorders caused by mutations in these genes are generally not lethal. Why not?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The person who suffers from mitochondrial disorders possesses both normal and mutant mitochondria and is due to the defect in mitochondrial genes.

The cellular respiration for the organism's survival is performed by the normal mitochondria present in the affected person, and thus the disorder is not lethal.

Step by step solution

01

Description of mitochondrial genes

Mitochondria are the organelle present within the cells. The mitochondrial genome has more than 37 genes present in it. These are the genes that code for the protein responsible for mitochondrial functions, such as cellular respiration.

02

Description of mitochondrial disorder

The defect that affects the normal functioning of mitochondria is known as a mitochondrial disorder. The mutation in the mitochondrial genes results in mitochondrial disease.

03

Absence of lethality of mitochondrial mutations

The person having mitochondrial disorder will have normal as well as mutant mitochondria. The mitochondria are the abundant organelles found in the cell.

The mutations that happen in the mitochondrial genes lead to a mitochondrial disorder.

The affected person possesses normal mitochondria and mutant mitochondria. The presence of normal mitochondria performs cellular respiration for the survival of the organism.

Hence, the mutation in the necessary mitochondrial genes is not lethal in the case of mitochondrial disorders.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Gene A, B, and C are located on the same chromosome. Test crosses show that the recombination frequency between A and B is 28% and that between A and C is 12%. Can you determine the linear order of these genes?

The goodness of fit is measured by\({\chi ^{^2}}\). This statistic measures the amounts by which the observed values differ from their respective predictions to indicate how closely the two sets of values match. The formula for calculating this value is

\({\chi ^{}} = \sum \frac{{{{\left( {o - e} \right)}^2}}}{e}\)

Where o=observed and e= expected. Calculate the\({\chi ^{^2}}\)value for the data using the table below. Fill out the table, carrying out the operations indicated in the top row. Then add up the entries in the last column to find the\({\chi ^{^2}}\)value.

Testcross Offspring

Expected

(e)

Observed

(o)

Deviation

(o-e)

(o-e)2

(o-e)2/e

(A-B-)

220

(aaB-)

210

(A-bb)

231

(aabb)

239

\({\chi ^2}\) =sum

Neither Tim nor Rhoda had Duchenne muscular dystrophy, but their firstborn son does. What is the probability that a second child will have the disease? What is the probability if the second child is a boy? A girl?

A planet is inhabited by creatures that reproduce with the same hereditary patterns seen in humans. Three phenotypic characters are height (T = tall, t= dwarf), head appendages (A = antennae, a = no antennae), and nose morphology (S = upturned snout, s = downturned snout). Since the creatures are not 鈥渋ntelligent,鈥� Earth scientists are able to do some controlled breeding experiments using various heterozygotes in testcrosses. For tall heterozygotes with antennae, the offspring are tall antennae, 46; dwarf antennae, 7; dwarf no antennae, 42; tall no antennae, 5. For heterozygotes with antennae and an upturned snout, the offspring are antennae upturned snout 47; antennae downturned snout, 2; no antennae downturned snout, 48; no antennae upturned snout, 3. Calculate the recombination frequencies for both experiments.

Using the information from problem 4, scientists do a further testcross using a heterozygote for height and nose morphology. The offspring are tall upturned snout, 40; dwarf upturned snout, 9; dwarf downturned snout, 42; tall downturned snout, 9. Calculate the recombination frequency from these data, and then use your answer from problem 4 to determine the correct order of the three linked genes.
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