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Chapter 15: Q15.4-1CC (page 309)

About 5% individuals with Down syndrome have a chromosomal translocation in which a third copy of chromosome 21 is attached to chromosome 14. If this translocation occurred in a parent鈥檚 gonad, how could it lead to Down syndrome in a child?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Chromosome 14-21 combines as a single chromosome in meiosis. It can combine with the normal chromosome leading to the condition of trisomy 21. It is a cause of Down syndrome.

Step by step solution

01

Description of Down syndrome

Down syndrome is otherwise known as chromosome 21 disorder. It is associated with conditions such as dental probes, endocrine problems, ear infections, and hearing problems. The development of body organs takes place in a delayed manner in this condition.

Thyroid and heart disease are other serious conditions that are associated with Down's syndrome.

02

Description of chromosomal translocation

The transfer of the segment of the chromosomes to other locations in the same chromosome is known as chromosomal translocation. The transfer can also take place to the other chromosomes. It can result in the formation of new chromosomes.

03

Translocation leading to Down syndrome

Trisomy is the condition of having an additional chromosome along with the normal chromosome. During the process of meiosis, the combination of chromosomes 14 and 21 takes place. The combined chromosome fuses with the normal chromosome resulting in the formation of trisomy 21.

Trisomy 21 is the genetic condition that leads to a defective condition known as Down's syndrome.

Hence, the translocation that occurs in the parent gene can result in Down syndrome in children.

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