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Chapter 37: Q37-9TYU (page 819)

The specific relationship between a legume and its mutualistic Rhizobium strain probably depends on

(A) each legume having a chemical dialogue with a fungus.

(B) each Rhizobium strain having a form of nitrogenase that works only in the appropriate legume host.

(C) each legume being found where the soil has only the Rhizobium specific to that legume.

(D) specific recognition between chemical signals and signal receptors of the Rhizobium strain and legume species.

Short Answer

Expert verified

  1. The statement 鈥渆ach legume having a chemical dialogue with a fungus.鈥� is false.

  2. The statement 鈥渆ach Rhizobium strain having a form of nitrogenase that works only in the appropriate legume host鈥� isfalse.

  3. The statement 鈥渆ach legume being found where the soil has only the Rhizobium specific to that legume.鈥� is false.

  4. The statement 鈥渟pecific recognition between chemical signals and signal receptors of the Rhizobium strain and legume species is true.

Step by step solution

01

Legume 

Legumes belong to the family Fabaceae consisting of plants that produce pods and include beans, peas, soybeans, or peanuts. The relationship between Legume and Rhizobium leads to the formation of nitrogen that is required for plants.

02

Explanation of option ‘(A)’

Legumes form a symbiotic relationship with rhizobium nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria and do not produce a chemical dialogue with a fungus.

Thus, plants have a symbiotic association with mycorrhizal fungi and form nodules on the plant root. Each legume does not contain a chemical dialogue with fungus.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

03

Explanation of option ‘(B)’

The legume roots have a symbiotic association with their microbial partners to provide essential nutrients to the plants. Some of the bacteria associated with soil are mutually beneficial in the exchange of chemicals with the roots of plants.

Thus, each legume does not have a chemical dialogue and is not directly associated with a fungus.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

04

Explanation of option ‘(C)’

The Rhizobium bacteria do not have a particular strain symbiotically linked with all legumes. Each species of legume is directly related to specific rhizobial strains.

Thus, Rhizobium bacteria are phylogenetically diverse, and not each legume is associated with specific rhizobial strains.

Therefore, the given statement is false.

05

Explanation of option ‘(D)’

The chemical signals are emitted by the root and have specific recognition for rhizobium strains or bacteria. These rhizobium bacteria promote the elongation of root hairs by emitting chemical signals.

Thus, the infection thread is formed that contains the bacteria penetrating the root cortex by an invagination of the plasma membrane.

Therefore, the given statement is true.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The soil in which plants grow teems with organisms from every taxonomic kingdom. In a short essay (100鈥�150 words), discuss examples of how the mutualistic interactions of plants with bacteria, fungi, and animals improve plant nutrition.

Imagine taking the plant out of the picture in Figure 37.12. Write a paragraph explaining how soil bacteria could sustain the recycling of nitrogen before land plants evolved.

Are some essential elements more important than others? Explain.

Two groups of tomatoes were grown under laboratory conditions, one with humus added to the soil and one a control without humus. The leaves of the plants grown without humus were yellowish (less green) compared with those of the plants grown in humus-enriched soil. The best explanation is that

(A) the healthy plants used the food in the decomposing leaves of the humus for energy to make chlorophyll.

(B) the humus made the soil more loosely packed, so water penetrated more easily to the roots.

(C) the humus contained minerals such as magnesium and iron needed for the synthesis of chlorophyll.

(D) the heat released by the decomposing leaves of the humus caused more rapid growth and chlorophyll synthesis.

Epiphytes are

(A) fungi that attack plants.

(B) fungi that form mutualistic associations with roots.

(C) non photosynthetic parasitic plants.

(D) plants that grow on other plants.
See all solutions

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