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Chapter 37: Q37.2-1ITD (page 810)
How do the young leaves differ in appearance from the older leaves?
The color is the distinguishing factor between young and older leaves. The appearance of older leaves is greener than yellow-colored young leaves.
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The greatest difference in health between two groups of plants of the same species, one group with mycorrhizae and one group without mycorrhizae, would be in an environment
(A) where nitrogen-fixing bacteria are abundant.
(B) that has soil with poor drainage.
(C) that has hot summers and cold winters.
(D) in which the soil is relatively deficient in mineral nutrients.
Imagine taking the plant out of the picture in Figure 37.12. Write a paragraph explaining how soil bacteria could sustain the recycling of nitrogen before land plants evolved.
Epiphytes are
(A) fungi that attack plants.
(B) fungi that form mutualistic associations with roots.
(C) non photosynthetic parasitic plants.
(D) plants that grow on other plants.
Two groups of tomatoes were grown under laboratory conditions, one with humus added to the soil and one a control without humus. The leaves of the plants grown without humus were yellowish (less green) compared with those of the plants grown in humus-enriched soil. The best explanation is that
(A) the healthy plants used the food in the decomposing leaves of the humus for energy to make chlorophyll.
(B) the humus made the soil more loosely packed, so water penetrated more easily to the roots.
(C) the humus contained minerals such as magnesium and iron needed for the synthesis of chlorophyll.
(D) the heat released by the decomposing leaves of the humus caused more rapid growth and chlorophyll synthesis.
Acid precipitation has an abnormally high concentration of hydrogen ions (H+). One effect of acid precipitation is to deplete the soil of nutrients such as calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+), and magnesium (Mg2+). Suggest a hypothesis to explain how acid precipitation washes these nutrients from the soil. How might you test your hypothesis?
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